Blinds made of paper recent times are very popular among housewives who want to create a unique comfort. This window decoration option is versatile and multifunctional. But not everyone knows about the method of making blinds from ordinary wallpaper. This solution looks economical and original. To create such a product, you need to have a minimum of knowledge and skills. In this publication, you will learn how to create blinds from wallpaper with your own hands.
Heat summer days even the most resistant high temperature makes people hide from the merciless rays of the sun. This is especially true for residents of apartments in high-rise buildings, the windows of which are directed to the south. But not always financial opportunities allow you to buy high-quality blinds. Sometimes there is no time and desire to wait until they are made in accordance with the required parameters.
That is why the question of how to make blinds with your own hands is becoming more relevant than ever. For manufacturing, you will need materials that everyone has at home. In addition, at this time, the use of do-it-yourself wallpaper blinds (photos of the use of such products can be found in the interior) is a frequent occurrence. This is not only an original, but also an affordable element of room decor. Also this reliable protection rooms from overheating, and curtains from burnout.
Paper blinds harmoniously fit into the design of any room. But given the characteristics of the material, it is better not to use curtains in the kitchen and other utility rooms. Blinds from wallpaper look organically on the windows of the cottage, veranda, loggia and on.
This product has many advantages:
Paper blinds will prevent unnecessary waste, as well as save the owners from the repeated need to go to the workshop. You need to spend only an hour or two on a homemade curtain, no more.
Blinds were invented by the Indians of the West Indies. Their models were distinguished by the presence of shutters with inclined wooden slats, which reliably protected from the sun. Such blinds were called colonial.
In the 18th century, Venetian blinds appeared. The design of this model was characterized by the fact that the inner sides were fastened with hinges, and the outer ones with a cord. This made it possible to change the slope of the lamellas in accordance with the season and the weather.
Modern types of products are classified depending on the material from which the curtains are made, and on the way they are adjusted. Consider the most popular designs:
When choosing blinds, it is necessary to pay attention to the shape of the window for which the curtain is intended, as well as to the material and ease of adjustment.
Useful advice! For people who want to independently control the level of illumination in the room, it is better to choose horizontal models or pleated blinds.
The question of how to make blinds yourself is of interest to many women. Even people who have never done needlework can make curtains from wallpaper. But before starting work, you must definitely select the material for the product, tools and decorations for decorating the finished curtain. And the process of creating blinds will take no more than 2 hours. Production time depends on the chosen model.
To make blinds from wallpaper with your own hands, you will need the following tools:
Such devices are in any home, so you do not have to buy them specially. As a material you need to find:
Useful advice! The quality of the curtain depends on the properties of the base. The better the material, the better the blinds will turn out. It is recommended to choose thick wallpaper, so the product will not tear for a long time.
If you choose a discreet color of the canvas, then the curtain will fade slowly, which means that it will retain its aesthetic appearance for a long period of time. It is also best not to use material with a pattern that is too large, as this may affect visibility in the room.
Blinds made of wallpaper are often used on windows in the country house, loggias, balconies, verandas, as well as in rooms whose windows face the sunny side. They look original, and manufacturing costs are minimal.
Such products are ideal for windows of non-standard sizes, because it is often problematic to buy curtains for these windows. In addition, these models, due to the density of the material, are able to completely protect the room from sunlight.
Before starting work, be sure to remove all unnecessary and prepare workplace. After all, for the manufacture of high-quality and beautiful curtains you need a lot of free space. It is important to prepare everything necessary materials and tools.
It will help you easily make blinds from wallpaper with your own hands step by step instructions:
Related article:
Types of roller blinds Advantages. Window installation options. Features of mounting roller blinds with your own hands.
This is one of the options on how to make blinds for a window out of wallpaper, but there are a lot of such instructions. The order of the design creation points will be similar, but there may be some differences that depend on the type of blinds.
There is an even simpler option for making pleated blinds, in which you don’t even need to thread the tape. In this case, the required length of the wallpaper is folded like an accordion, as in the previous version. To frame finished curtain fastened with double-sided tape, and the lower part is fixed with a clothespin or hairpin, forming a beautiful peacock tail.
Useful advice! The holes through which the cord is threaded must be treated with adhesive tape, otherwise the product will quickly collapse.
Making do-it-yourself blinds from paper is very easy, fast, and most importantly, cheap. You can use unnecessary pieces of wallpaper that remained after the repair, and ordinary utility tools. It is recommended to decorate the finished product with rhinestones, sparkles or drawings. If desired, the blinds on the side facing the street can be pasted over with foil. This will help reflect the ultraviolet rays, preventing them from heating the space of the room.
In the case of arched windows, paper blinds can be used to stylishly decorate them with elegant wallpaper fans. This method will not only protect from the sun, but also bring a special charm to the interior and emphasize the unusual shape of the window.
If it became necessary to close only the upper part of the window so that the sun's rays did not fall on a certain part of the room, for example, a desktop or a baby's cradle, then a fan-shaped curtain would be the best fit. You can attach it to one of the corners of the frame. This option looks original and stylish both from the inside of the room and from the outside.
You can also watch a video on how to make blinds from wallpaper with your own hands.
Homemade blinds can bring variety and unique flavor to the interior of the room. There are several options for such products. Let's consider them in more detail.
Curtains in the form of an accordion on a ribbon or cord and a model with a similar design, but on two tightening ropes, are extremely popular. Usually in such products they are located vertically and parallel to each other, but on opposite sides of the edges. Photo blinds from the wallpaper will help to harmoniously fit this model into the interior of the room.
It should be remembered that for the manufacture of such a curtain, two clamps are needed, and the consumption of cord and adhesive tape will be twice as much. This model is identical to real factory curtains. Such blinds perfectly close the windows, which means they protect residents from the sun's rays and the prying eyes of passers-by.
Paper blinds are very popular. They look spectacular, and also perfectly cope with the protective function. Since such models fit snugly against the window, they darken the room remarkably. Making roller blinds with your own hands is very easy. Often, fabric is used as the basis for such a product, rather than paper.
Useful advice! To create a roller blind, it is first recommended to use paper. After all, a piece of damaged wallpaper will cost the hostess much cheaper than a piece of fabric of the same size. But fabric roller blinds look more spectacular.
No less original type of paper blinds is the Roman blind. For the manufacture of such a product, more material is required, and some skills are also needed. But they look so original and beautiful, like lambrequins or ordinary curtains.
Any version of the blinds from the wallpaper will be a great option. decorative ornament window.
There are a huge number of ways to make do-it-yourself paper blinds, step-by-step instructions, master classes, thanks to which you can quickly get an original and cheap decorative window addition.
You can see the features of making blinds from wallpaper with your own hands on the video. The main thing is that the curtain does not need to be folded in the form of a pleated, but it is enough to wind it into a tight small roll. Also, there is no need to make holes for the cord. The fastening system of this type of blinds differs from previous models.
Before you make blinds with your own hands, you need to prepare the tools:
Instructions for creating blinds with your own hands from wallpaper step by step with a photo:
Do-it-yourself roller blinds can be made easily, quickly and efficiently; and they will be no different from the store options.
This option is a little more complicated than previous models, which means it will take a little more time and effort than a regular pleated pleat. But such a product looks more stylish and respectable, and it also reliably protects the room from heat.
To make two-layer blinds, the wallpaper must first be marked and then cut into strips about 10 cm wide. The cut strips must be twisted into a tube and the edges glued 1 cm. There should be enough of these tubes to cover the entire height of the window.
When the glue dries, the tube must be pressed against a flat lamella so that the ribs on the sides of the part are clearly formed. It is necessary to fold so that the place of gluing is in the middle of the upper side.
Further middle line each lamella with a strip of about 1 cm is smeared with glue, then all the elements are interconnected. During operation, the glue should not spread, so it is better to use dry. Leave a stack of glued tubes to dry completely. Only then can the resulting structure be deployed.
At 15 cm from the edges with an awl or other similar tool, holes must be made through which the cord is passed. It will not be visible from the outside, since it, threaded through the edges of the ropes, will pass inside.
You can hang such air blinds using two rings tied to the upper ends of the rope. They are hung on hooks that are screwed into the upper slope of the window opening. In case of plastic windows You should use double-sided tape, as the made curtain is very light.
DIY blinds made from wallpaper are a great choice if you need to quickly hang a window. A paper curtain made from the remnants of unnecessary wallpaper is an excellent home-made protection for the room from the bright sun. Such blinds perfectly complement the design of an apartment or house and are a worthy alternative to ordinary curtains.
It is very simple to make such blinds for windows from wallpaper with your own hands and you do not need to spend a lot of money and time. There are a huge number of master classes and instructions for creating blinds from wallpaper with your own hands step by step. This is what explains the huge popularity of products.
Prepare the material and take measurements correctly. Let us consider in more detail all the subtleties of this work.
Before you make blinds on windows, you should familiarize yourself with their pros and cons.
Among the many advantages, we highlight the main ones:
We also note the disadvantages of products:
Advice! To prolong the life of blinds, it is better to choose a material for painting - such wallpapers are denser and more durable. Pre-strips can be decorated at your discretion.
The main advantage of homemade window blinds made of wallpaper is their cost, because you don’t have to buy new rolls for this, but you can successfully use the leftovers after. In addition, they do not require special care: when the material becomes dirty, it is simply disposed of and new ones are made. This is a great reason to often bring something new into - it’s not a pity to throw them away, because waste strips were used to make them.
For blinds, you can choose the same canvases that, or choose a contrasting pattern that is in harmony with. It is convenient to use such a decoration idea not only for windows, but also for balcony frames or on. it lovely way quickly and inexpensively protect the room from bright light and prying eyes.
Original blinds from wallpaper can be presented in four versions:
Before starting exciting work, it is important to choose the right material and tools. All work will take no more than 1-2 hours, depending on the complexity and the chosen model.
For the manufacture of the first blinds, it is better to take the material that remained after. If you like the process and the end result, you can choose the design of the paintings in the store. Shopping centers often hold promotions and sales of exhibition samples and leftovers at a completely bargain price.
This should be known! From one roll 10 m long, 5 blanks will come out.
To make blinds with your own hands, all types are suitable, but it is more convenient to start experimenting with paper ones. They keep their shape perfectly and do not darken the space too much. have a luxurious decor, in addition, they are denser, so the light isolation is better.
The better the source material, the better the final version. It must be remembered that bright colors quickly fade in the sun, and restrained tones will retain their original appearance longer.
To work, we need the following tools:
In addition, for roller blinds you will need different variants fastening the structure to window hole.
If you still doubt whether or not to make blinds from old ones, see our master class, how simple and affordable everything is.
For the manufacture of horizontal blinds in the form of an accordion we need:
Related article:
: advantages and disadvantages, varieties, material of manufacture, recommendations for selection; installation of blinds on self-tapping screws, adhesive tape and brackets; installation rules, price overview - read in the publication.
First you need to take measurements, the quality of their implementation depends on the finished result. Use a tape measure or measuring tape to measure the distance of the window opening between the glazing beads. For horizontal blinds in the form of an accordion, another 25% of the length must be added to the height of the glass, taking into account the folds. Many initially do not measure the width, but cut the finished one already on the window.
In addition, you should choose the length of the decorative cord or satin ribbon - it is also related to the height of the window opening. It is necessary at this stage to decide on the method of fixing it, for example, if the fastening is with clips, an additional 5-10 cm should be left, and if the braid is tied into a beautiful bow, this will require an additional 20 cm.
Related article:
: advantages and disadvantages, varieties; the sequence of installation to the wall and ceiling, to the window profile and between the frames, to the window sashes; recommendations for selection, operation; care features - in our publication.
Before starting an exciting process, you need to free up space on, and even better on. Next, we will consider the progress of work in more detail.
| Illustration | Action Description |
 | Measure from the roll the desired length and width of the future design. |
 | The width of the strip is equal to the width of the ruler, attach it to the canvas and mark the line with a shallow punching of the scissors. |
 | Bend along the line in the form of an accordion along the entire length of the wallpaper. |
 | At a distance of about 10 cm from the edge, make holes with a hole punch. It is easier to do this in several stages, having previously folded a piece of fabric with an accordion. |
 | Try on the blinds to, if necessary, cut off the excess. Thread the cord into the holes, glue it to the top glazing bead with double-sided tape. |
 | From below, thread the cord into the bead, as shown in the figure. |
 | Blinds are ready, the height of the lift is adjustable with a bead-clip. |
Advice! To make the blinds last longer, you can bend the upper and lower edges, fix them with adhesive tape or glue, and start assembling the accordion from them.
In more detail, a step-by-step master class for making blinds from wallpaper with your own hands can be viewed on the video:
It will take a little more time to make roller blinds. The technique is somewhat different from pleated blinds in that the canvas does not need to be folded like an accordion, but rolled into a small roll. Also, there is no need to make holes for the decorative tape, since the fastening is more complicated.
Before you make roller blinds from, you need to prepare:
The next step is taking measurements. Measure the width by the glazing beads and add 1-2 cm so that the glass is completely closed. The height of the opening should be multiplied by 2 to fold the blinds in half and glue both parts. Thus, protection in the evening will be maximum, and the pattern will turn out on both sides. In addition, an additional 25% must be added to double the height for winding on a roll.
In more detail, the entire progress of work can be viewed on the video:
Related article:
If you do not know how simple tailoring is carried out, then step-by-step instructions, photos of the individual stages that are described in the article will help you create a practical and chic decor.
Roller blinds can be fixed in several ways:
Article
It takes ~3 minutes to read
Save
Blinds in our climate are widespread in offices, shops, and in our own apartments. They are easy to buy, but there is an opportunity to save your money and make them yourself from wallpaper. Everything you need for this is in every home. After all, after the repair, there are always unclaimed rolls. These curtains are needed for apartment windows, balconies, cottages. If the remnants of the material are not enough for all the windows, then they can be purchased in stores for repair.
Advice! Ask the seller for discounted rolls left after the sale. The quality is excellent and the price is much less.
Save
It is easy for anyone to make them on their own. Everything you need for this is in any home.
First of all, you need to decide what wallpaper to make the product from. They should be strong, but not too thick. It is necessary to pay attention to their pattern so that it harmonizes in color with the curtains, furniture of the room. An interesting option when they are made from the same wallpaper that the room is pasted over.
For work you need:
Save
We measure the window. Blinds can consist of one wide strip or two narrow ones. The width of the strip should be equal to the width of the window, the length - the height of the window plus 25%.
It is more convenient to work on a large area. We cut off a strip of wallpaper of the desired size, lay it out on the table, place weights at the ends so that the roll does not curl up.
The strip needs to be folded with an accordion of 3-15 cm. To make the accordion neat, you need to draw the wallpaper along the ruler. First, put dots on the selected width on both sides of the piece. Then connect them with a ruler. In childhood, many made toys by folding paper with an accordion, so everyone understands the process.
We make the first folds using the edge of the ruler. We apply a ruler to the line, bend it. With the side part of the scissors or a blunt knife, we draw along the fold line so that it is clear and fixed.
Save
When the whole accordion is ready, retreating 15 cm from both ends, we make holes with an awl through which a cord will be pulled to lower and raise the curtains. If you plan a wide strip for the entire window, then make more holes in the middle so that the blinds do not sag. If the curtain is narrow, then we make holes in the middle of the strip, but it is not necessary on the sides.
The next step is to pull the cord into the holes with a large needle or hook. Its tips need to be melted, the bottom edge is fixed in a retainer, you can buy it or cut it off from an old jacket. It is needed so that the curtains remain at the desired length.
On this you can finish the production by decorating them satin ribbon, tying a bow out of it. The bottom of the curtain will be straight, horizontal.
You can finish the blinds with a peacock tail. If a rope is pulled in the middle, then the opposite ends are connected together and glued together, a beautiful fan is obtained.
Save
There are windows of complex shape - at the top there is a window in the form of an arch. Then they can be made in the form of a fan, as at the end of the curtain, and close the window completely. If the arch consists of two half-arches separated by a wooden partition, then we make two half-fans and close each half-arch.
If there is no need to close the entire window, but you need to shade part of the room, then we make a fan of the desired size and close part of the window. We fix the blinds from the wallpaper on the window with double-sided tape, it can withstand up to 3 kg. You can make another homemade mount - then glue a strip of thick cardboard to the last accordion, use nails or other fastening material.
Save
There is another, more complex way to make wallpaper curtains. They protect better from the sun because they are double:
Roller blinds or roller blinds. How to make them yourself? This method is the easiest. No need to fold the wallpaper into an accordion, no need to pierce holes and pull the cord through them.
You need to measure a piece of wallpaper twice the length of the window plus another quarter:
The manufacturing process of this type is the most complex and most time-consuming.
Save
You will need:
For blinds on a standard window, you need to wind up to 200 newspaper tubes 400 mm long. Long tubes can be cut in the process.
Master class: the newspaper is wound on a thin metal rod, usually a knitting needle is used. Having wound a piece of newspaper on it, the edge is glued. All tubes should dry well. Then they are painted acrylic paint. It is recommended to add PVA glue 3 to 1.
After painting and drying, the most crucial moment comes. A large number of small round tubes need to be connected into a durable canvas.
The first connection method: fasten the tubes, twisting with a rope, making one or two knots. Each knot is desirable to be lubricated with glue for greater strength. You need to start from the top side of the curtain. The rope should be almost twice as long as the curtain. The upper end is tied to a plastic ring. Now you need to twist both ends of the cord from the inside and outside.
Save
The second option is used by those who know how to crochet at least a simple chain. This method is more reliable, the tubes are tightly held by a cord chain, do not untie and do not stretch.
At the bottom, the cord is tied into a knot; for strength, we coat it with glue. We lay out the canvas on a flat surface and align the tubes, cutting off too long.
AT window frame drive in cloves or special hooks. It is easy to hang a canvas on them for plastic rings. In any case, the curtains are easy to remove on a cloudy or rainy day.
In order not to remove the blinds completely, you can take a beautiful satin ribbon, strengthen it from above and lower the curtains on both sides. At the bottom, at the desired height, tie the ribbons into a knot and knit a beautiful bow. These homemade curtains are a variant of roller blinds.
Old faded plastic, paper or wooden blinds can be restored with wallpaper. You need to choose wallpapers that best suit the interior of the apartment, enliven and decorate it.
You will need:
On old curtains, we measure the width, length and number of slats. On a roll of wallpaper, draw the same stripes. We mark the places of the holes in the old blinds, so that later we can make cuts. We cut out the strips and stick them on the old lamellas. At the holes, cut into three parts. We try to glue one by one, without disturbing the pattern of the wallpaper.
We try on the windows, admire the updated curtains.
If there are small pieces of white wallpaper left, then we advise you to make curtains with your own hands using the vytynanka technique. This technique originated in Ukraine, and is now used everywhere. Patterns are cut out of paper. It turns out paper lace, which looks good on the window day and night.
To make such a paper curtain, you will need knives, scissors, a wooden rug, pattern patterns. On the Internet, you can always find tips on this option for making blinds with your own hands from wallpaper step by step and photo patterns for cutting. With skill, diligence, patience and accuracy, real works of art are obtained.
Save
Another option is Roman blinds. They are usually made of fabric, but wallpaper can also be used. They need more material and more time to make.
Blinds are a practical item in home decoration. They protect people and the environment from the harmful rays of the sun. In addition, these are not only useful, but also beautiful things in the interior.
Today I want to offer you step by step photo instructions for decorating your windows with wallpaper blinds with your own hands. This is a very interesting, unexpected, low-cost and easy solution in order to "on hastily» hide your personal life from prying eyes, which can replace manufacturing, since these blinds are also made lifting.
And so, for the manufacture of such blinds, you will need wallpaper (you can take the leftovers that you have), scissors, double-sided tape, not a thick rope (I took very thick silk threads that I specially bought for making lifting mechanisms in lifting curtains), a latch and a trailer, a hole punch or an awl.
First, you need to measure the height of the window, and cut off a piece from the wallpaper with a margin, since the folds “eat up” the height of the curtains.
My window height was 133 cm, I took 170 cm.
Then, on the wrong side, I marked the folds with a ruler, the width of which I had was 3.5 cm.
With a hole punch, or with an awl, it is necessary to pierce holes in the ribs of the folds of future blinds:
Then we stretch the rope into these holes to make the lifting mechanism:
We fix this rope at the upper end of the blinds, and from the inside we fix it with double-sided tape:
We lay the lower edge of the blinds in a “peacock tail”, folding several folds (I got 8 of them) in half, and fixing them with glue on both sides of the pierced hole so as not to stick lifting mechanism:
Now we fix the latch on the rope, thread the limit switch through it, tie a knot, and close the limit switch cap. You can do without a limit switch, simply by tying a knot at the end of the rope so that the latch does not accidentally jump off:
do-it-yourself wallpaper blinds step by step instructions 
Today, many people choose wallpaper blinds for the interior. This option is very unusual, interesting - it is thanks to this that it has gained popularity among consumers.
Blinds appear in history in the second half of the XVIII century - in Philadelphia. They began to be produced by the English designer John Webster. But only almost a hundred years later, the American industrialist John Hampton receives a patent for them, and so they enter the everyday life of people already “officially”: first from wood and fabric, later (already in the second half of the 20th century) from metal.
The name comes from the French word "jalousie" and translates as "jealousy". Most likely, the origins of the appearance of such products go back to the distant past: to the traditional East and medieval Europe.
In the first case, a special culture and strict rules behaviors tell jealous husbands to hide the beauty of their own wives. This is how the first versions of such “curtains” appear on the windows: wooden products let in a sufficient amount of light into the room, but hide everything that is inside from strangers.
In Europe, similar products were appreciated by the representatives of the oldest profession, because they helped them to keep the intrigue in front of their clients: through the gaps, outlines were visible, a feeling of something forbidden, distant was created - and at the same time close and accessible, interest was warmed up.
Now blinds have firmly entered everyday life, they are used by people in a variety of premises: from apartments to various offices.
Blinds turn out to be the solution that is suitable for any season and for any type and style of premises. In summer, they will give the space freshness, improve mood, letting in warm sunlight with diffused rays. In winter, they will give a cozy atmosphere. Such products can be used in almost any room - thanks to a large number options.
If the office is decorated in laconic minimalism or in high-tech style, you can either use classic items that do not stand out from the general background, or choose an option from the wallpaper. So you can completely transform the room, as if breathing new life into it.
It is up to you to choose: whether to use a monochromatic material that blends with the overall style, or to make a bold move, accentuate the windows with color or pattern. Designers have long been using these "games" with color solutions to give freshness to the interior.
If you are the owner cozy apartment in vintage or Japanese style, then it is not possible to find such an ideal option. Remember ancient Japan with its thin paper screens or a small scattering of flowers on the walls. Light blinds made of wallpaper will be a very good solution.
The use of paper blinds does not end with window coverings. They can also be used for doorways, separating rooms in the absence of doors. From such products, a small screen may well turn out, successfully zoning the space or hiding parts of the room from each other. Do not be afraid to experiment, you can always change the material, remove it.
Blinds are one of the most comfortable types of curtains to use. If we compare them with classic light curtains made of fabric, it can be noted that the blinds are much easier to clean from dust and other contaminants (you can forget about long washing and drying).
Thanks to such products, it is possible to provide both complete darkness and bright light, twilight in the room: you just need to raise or lower the blinds. Diffused light when choosing a paper version is very relaxing.
Today there is big choice materials: various types of wood, metal, fabric, paper (even a newspaper will do), wallpaper. Each option has its pros and cons.
Perhaps the greatest variety is the blinds of the wallpaper. Here a lot of textures and patterns allows you to choose the option that is right for your interior. Ease of handling and care will not make you regret the time, effort and money spent after a while.
A very important plus is that you are completely independent of either the size or the type of product. Attach such "curtains" (both on plastic and on wooden frames windows in a room or on a balcony) is as easy as shelling pears.
The main advantage is the price: there is no need to go to the salon and spend money, because such “curtains” can be easily and simply done with my own hands anyone. The result will not be worse, while the creation of such products will not be difficult. You will be completely free to choose colors, style and more.
As a result, you will get a unique material that protects from street light. This is a universal solution for any interior style. When designing an ideal room, many are looking for practicality, ease of creation. It is worth considering a life hack.
To make such a useful decoration for your home is quite simple: you just have to take your time and take into account all the recommendations below. So the product will turn out as accurate as possible, the results of the work will delight you.
When choosing a material, it should be borne in mind that the wallpaper must be paper. Vinyl or acrylic wallpaper cannot be bent and assembled into an "accordion". A thread or rope should be taken strong, capable of holding the entire structure.
To get homemade blinds from wallpaper, prepare the following:
Step-by-step instruction for the classic version:
Idea: in some interiors, a hemp cord looks beautiful instead of a thread. It is suitable, for example, for interiors that use natural materials ( wooden inserts and the like) or a small floral print. In more classic interior options, you can try using a satin ribbon.
Idea: you can use braid or hemp cord (if the interior and wallpaper pattern allow).
A more interesting looking option (suitable for narrow windows):
