DEVELOPED BY TsNIIOMTP Gosstroy of the USSR (Doctor of Technical Sciences V. D. Topchiy; Candidates of Technical Sciences Sh. L. Machabeli, R. A. Kagramanov, B. V. Zhadanovsky, Yu. B. Chirkov, V. V. Shishkin , N. I. Evdokimov, V. P. Kolodiy, L. N. Karnaukhova, I. I. Sharov, Doctor of Technical Sciences K. I. Bashlay, A. G. Prozorovsky); NIIZHB Gosstroy of the USSR (Doctor of Technical Sciences B. A. Krylov; Candidates of Technical Sciences O. S. Ivanova, E. N. Malinsky, R. K. Zhitkevich, B. P. Goryachev, A. V. Lagoida, N. K. Rozental, N. F. Shesterkina, A. M. Fridman, V. V. Zhukov, Doctor of Technical Sciences); VNIPIPromstalkonstruktsiya Minmontazhspetsstroy of the USSR (B. Ya. Moyzhes, B. B. Rubanovich), TsNIISK im. Kucherenko of the Gosstroy of the USSR (Doctor of Technical Sciences L. M. Kovalchuk; Candidates of Technical Sciences V. A. Kameiko, I. P. Preobrazhenskaya; L. M. Lomova); V. G. Kravchenko, Technical Sciences); VNIIMontazhspetsstroy of the Ministry of Montazhspetsstroy of the USSR (G. A. Ritchik); TsNIIEP housing of the State Committee for Architecture (S. B. Vilensky) with the participation of the Donetsk Promstroyniiproekt, the Krasnoyarsk Promstroyniiproekt of the Gosstroy of the USSR; Gorky Engineering and Construction Institute. Chkalov of the USSR State Committee for public education; VNIIG them. Vedeneev and Orgenergostroy of the Ministry of Energy of the USSR; TsNIIS of the Ministry of Transport of the USSR; Aeroproject Institute of the USSR Ministry of Civil Aviation; NIIMosstroy of the Moscow City Executive Committee.
INTRODUCED by TsNIIOMTP Gosstroy of the USSR.
PREPARED FOR APPROVAL by the Department of Standardization and Technical Standards in Construction of the USSR State Construction Committee (A. I. Golyshev, V. V. Bakonin, D. I. Prokofiev).
With the entry into force of SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and enclosing structures" lose their force:
chapter SNiP III-15-76 "Monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structures";
SN 383-67 "Instructions for the production and acceptance of work during the construction of reinforced concrete tanks for oil and oil products";
chapter SNiP III-16-80, "Concrete and reinforced concrete prefabricated structures";
SN 420-71 "Guidelines for sealing joints during installation building structures»;
chapter SNiP III-18-75 "Metal structures" in terms of installation of structures";
clause 11 “Changes and additions to the chapter SNiP III-18-75 “Metal structures”, approved by the Decree of the USSR Gosstroy dated April 19, 1978 No. 60;
chapter SNiP III-17-78 "Stone structures";
chapter SNiP III-19-76 "Wooden structures";
SN 393-78 "Instruction for welding fittings and embedded parts reinforced concrete structures».
When using a regulatory document, the approved changes to building codes and regulations should be taken into account and state standards published in the Bulletin of Construction Equipment magazine, the Collection of Changes to Construction Norms and Rules of the USSR Gosstroy and the information index "State Standards of the USSR" of the USSR State Standard.
BUILDING REGULATIONS
BEARING
AND ENVIRONMENTAL STRUCTURES
SNiP 3.03.01-87
USSR STATE CONSTRUCTION COMMITTEE
MOSCOW 1989
DEVELOPED BY TsNIIOMTP Gosstroy of the USSR (Doctor of Technical Sciences V. D. Topchiy; Candidates of Technical Sciences Sh. L. Machabeli, R. A. Kagramanov, B. V. Zhadanovsky, Yu. B. Chirkov, V. V. Shishkin , N. I. Evdokimov, V. P. Kolodiy, L. N. Karnaukhova, I. I. Sharov, Doctor of Technical Sciences K. I. Bashlay, A. G. Prozorovsky); NIIZHB Gosstroy of the USSR (Doctor of Technical Sciences B. A. Krylov; Candidates of Technical Sciences O. S. Ivanova, E. N. Malinsky, R. K. Zhitkevich, B. P. Goryachev, A. V. Lagoida, N. K. Rozental, N. F. Shesterkina, A. M. Fridman, V. V. Zhukov, Doctor of Technical Sciences); VNIPIPromstalkonstruktsiya Minmontazhspetsstroy of the USSR (B. Ya. Moyzhes, B. B. Rubanovich), TsNIISK im. Kucherenko of the Gosstroy of the USSR (Doctor of Technical Sciences L. M. Kovalchuk; Candidates of Technical Sciences V. A. Kameiko, I. P. Preobrazhenskaya; L. M. Lomova); Central Research Institute of Projectstalconstruction of the State Construction Committee of the USSR (B. N. Malinin; Candidate of Technical Sciences V. G. Kravchenko); VNIIMontazhspetsstroy of the Ministry of Montazhspetsstroy of the USSR (G. A. Ritchik); TsNIIEP housing of the State Committee for Architecture (S. B. Vilensky) with the participation of the Donetsk Promstroyniiproekt, the Krasnoyarsk Promstroyniiproekt of the Gosstroy of the USSR; Gorky Engineering and Construction Institute. Chkalov of the USSR State Committee for Public Education; VNIIG them. Vedeneev and Orgenergostroy of the Ministry of Energy of the USSR; TsNIIS of the Ministry of Transport of the USSR; Aeroproject Institute of the USSR Ministry of Civil Aviation; NIIMosstroy of the Moscow City Executive Committee.
INTRODUCED by TsNIIOMTP Gosstroy of the USSR.
PREPARED FOR APPROVAL by the Department of Standardization and Technical Standards in Construction of the USSR State Construction Committee (A. I. Golyshev, V. V. Bakonin, D. I. Prokofiev).
With the entry into force of SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Bearing and enclosing structures" lose their force:
chapter SNiP III-15-76 "Monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structures";
SN 383-67 "Instructions for the production and acceptance of work during the construction of reinforced concrete tanks for oil and oil products";
chapter SNiP III-16-80, "Concrete and reinforced concrete prefabricated structures";
SN 420-71 "Guidelines for sealing joints during installation of building structures";
chapter SNiP III-18-75 "Metal structures" in terms of installation of structures";
clause 11 “Changes and additions to the chapter SNiP III-18-75 “Metal structures”, approved by the Decree of the USSR Gosstroy dated April 19, 1978 No. 60;
chapter SNiP III-17-78 "Stone structures";
chapter SNiP III-19-76 "Wooden structures";
SN 393-78 "Instruction for welding joints of reinforcement and embedded parts of reinforced concrete structures."
When using a regulatory document, one should take into account the approved changes in building codes and regulations and state standards published in the Bulletin of Construction Equipment magazine, the Collection of Changes to Building Codes and Rules of the USSR Gosstroy and the information index "State Standards of the USSR" of the USSR State Standard.
State Construction Committee of the USSR (Gosstroy USSR) Building norms and rules SNiP 3.03.01-87
Bearing and enclosing structures Instead of
SNiP III-15-76;
CH 383-67;
SNiP III-16-80;
CH 420-71;
SNiP III-18-75;
SNiP III-17-78;
SNiP III-19-76;
CH 393-78
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1. These norms and rules apply to the production and acceptance of work performed during the construction and reconstruction of enterprises, buildings and structures in all sectors of the national economy:
in the construction of monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structures from heavy, extra heavy, on porous aggregates, heat-resistant and alkali-resistant concrete, in the performance of shotcrete and underwater concreting;
in the manufacture of prefabricated concrete and reinforced concrete structures in the conditions of a construction site;
during the installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete, steel, wooden structures and structures made of lightweight efficient materials;
when welding assembly joints of building steel and reinforced concrete structures, reinforcement joints and embedded products of monolithic reinforced concrete structures;
in the production of works on the construction of stone and reinforced masonry structures from ceramic and silicate bricks, ceramic, silicate, natural and concrete stones, brick and ceramic panels and blocks, concrete blocks.
The requirements of these rules should be taken into account when designing the structures of buildings and structures.
Contributed by TsNIIOMTP
Gosstroy of the USSR Approved
resolution
State Construction Committee of the USSR
dated December 4, 1987 No. 280 Deadline
introductions
into action
July 1, 1988
1.2. The work specified in clause 1.1 must be carried out in accordance with the project, as well as comply with the requirements of the relevant standards, building codes and rules for the organization of construction production and safety in construction, rules fire safety in the production of construction installation work, as well as the requirements of state oversight bodies.
1.3. When erecting special structures - highways, bridges, pipes, tunnels, subways, airfields, hydrotechnical reclamation and other structures, as well as during the construction of buildings and structures on permafrost and subsidence soils, undermined territories and in seismic areas, it is necessary to additionally be guided by the requirements of the relevant regulatory and technical documents.
1.4. Work on the construction of buildings and structures should be carried out according to the approved project for the production of works (PPR), which, along with the general requirements of SNiP 3.01.01-85, should provide for: the sequence of installation of structures; measures to ensure the required accuracy of the installation; spatial immutability of structures in the process of their pre-assembly and installation in the design position; stability of structures and parts of the building (structure) in the process of construction; the degree of enlargement of structures and safe conditions labor.
The combined installation of structures and equipment should be carried out according to the PPR, which contains the procedure for combining work, interconnected schemes of installation tiers and zones, schedules for lifting structures and equipment.
If necessary, as part of the WEP, additional technical requirements, aimed at improving the construction manufacturability of the structures being erected, which must be agreed in the prescribed manner with the organization - the developer of the project and included in the executive working drawings.
1.5. Data on the production of construction and installation works should be entered daily in the work logs for the installation of building structures (mandatory Appendix 1), welding work(mandatory appendix 2), anticorrosive protection of welded joints (mandatory appendix 3), embedding field joints and assemblies (mandatory appendix 4), making field joints on bolts with controlled tension (mandatory appendix 5), as well as fixing their position during the installation of structures on geodetic executive schemes.
1.6. Structures, products and materials used in the construction of concrete, reinforced concrete, steel, wood and stone structures must meet the requirements of the relevant standards, specifications and working drawings.
1.7. Transportation and temporary storage of structures (products) in the installation area should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of state standards for these structures (products), and for non-standardized structures (products) the following requirements must be observed:
structures should, as a rule, be in a position corresponding to the design one (beams, trusses, slabs, wall panels, etc.), and if this condition cannot be met, in a position convenient for transportation and transfer to installation (columns, flights of stairs etc.) provided that their strength is ensured;
structures should be based on inventory linings and gaskets of rectangular section, located in the places indicated in the project; the thickness of the gaskets must be at least 30 mm and at least 20 mm higher than the height of the sling loops and other protruding parts of the structures; for multi-tiered loading and storage of the same type of structures, linings and gaskets should be located on the same vertical along the line of lifting devices (loops, holes) or in other places indicated in the working drawings;
structures must be securely fastened to protect against tipping, longitudinal and transverse displacement, mutual impacts against each other or against the structure Vehicle; fastenings should ensure the possibility of unloading each element from vehicles without violating the stability of the rest;
textured surfaces must be protected from damage and contamination;
reinforcement outlets and protruding parts must be protected from damage; factory marking must be accessible for inspection;
small parts for mounting connections should be attached to the shipping elements or sent simultaneously with the structures in a container equipped with tags indicating the brands of the parts and their number; these parts should be stored under a canopy;
fasteners should be stored indoors, sorted by type and brand, bolts and nuts - by strength classes and diameters, and high-strength bolts, nuts and washers - and by lot.
1.8. Structures during storage should be sorted by brands and stacked taking into account the sequence of installation.
1.9. It is forbidden to move any structures by dragging.
1.10. To ensure the safety of wooden structures during transportation and storage, inventory devices(lodgements, clamps, containers, soft slings) with the installation of soft gaskets and linings in the places of support and contact of structures with metal parts, as well as protect them from exposure to solar radiation, alternate moistening and drying.
1.11. Prefabricated structures should be installed, as a rule, from vehicles or enlargement stands.
1.12. Before lifting each mounting element, check:
compliance with its design brand;
the condition of embedded products and installation marks, the absence of dirt, snow, ice, damage to the finish, priming and painting;
availability of the necessary connecting parts and auxiliary materials at the workplace;
correctness and reliability of fastening of load-handling devices;
as well as to equip, in accordance with the PPR, with scaffolding, ladders and fences.
1.13. Slinging of mounted elements should be carried out in the places indicated in the working drawings, and ensure their lifting and supply to the installation site in a position close to the design one. If it is necessary to change the places of slinging, they must be agreed with the organization - the developer of the working drawings.
It is forbidden to sling structures in arbitrary places, as well as for the release of reinforcement.
Slinging schemes for enlarged flat and spatial blocks must ensure their strength, stability and invariability of geometric dimensions and shapes when lifting.
1.14. Mounted elements should be lifted smoothly, without jerks, swinging and rotation, as a rule, using braces. When lifting vertically located structures, one guy is used, horizontal elements and blocks - at least two.
The structures should be lifted in two stages: first, to a height of 20-30 cm, then, after checking the reliability of the slinging, further lifting should be carried out.
1.15. When installing mounting elements, the following must be ensured:
stability and immutability of their position at all stages of installation;
work safety;
the accuracy of their position with the help of constant geodetic control;
strength of mounting connections.
1.16. Structures should be installed in the design position according to the accepted guidelines (risks, pins, stops, edges, etc.).
Structures with special embedded or other fixing devices should be installed on these devices.
1.17. Mounting elements to be installed must be securely fastened before bridging.
1.18. Until the end of the reconciliation and reliable (temporary or design) fixing of the installed element, it is not allowed to rest on it the overlying structures, if such support is not provided for by the PPR.
1.19. If there are no special requirements in the working drawings, the maximum deviations of the alignment of landmarks (edges or marks) during the installation of prefabricated elements, as well as deviations from the design position of structures completed by installation (erection) should not exceed the values given in the relevant sections of these rules and regulations.
Deviations for the installation of mounting elements, the position of which may change in the process of their permanent fixing and loading with subsequent structures, should be assigned in the PPR so that they do not exceed the limit values after the completion of all installation work. In the absence of special instructions in the PPR, the deviation of the elements during installation should not exceed 0.4 of the maximum deviation for acceptance.
1.20. The use of installed structures for attaching cargo pulley blocks, diverting blocks and other lifting devices to them is allowed only in cases provided for by the PPR and agreed, if necessary, with the organization that completed the working drawings of the structures.
1.21. The installation of building structures (structures) should, as a rule, begin with a spatially stable part: a bond cell, a stiffening core, etc.
Installation of structures of buildings and structures of great length or height should be carried out in spatially stable sections (spans, tiers, floors, temperature blocks, etc.)
1.22. Production quality control of construction and installation works should be carried out in accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85.
The following documentation must be submitted during acceptance control:
as-built drawings with introduced (if any) deviations, approved by the enterprise - the manufacturer of structures, as well as the installation organization, agreed with the design organizations - developers of the drawings, and documents on their approval;
factory technical passports for steel, reinforced concrete and wooden structures;
documents (certificates, passports) certifying the quality of materials used in the construction and installation works;
certificates of examination of hidden works;
acts of intermediate acceptance of critical structures;
Executive geodetic schemes of the position of structures;
work logs;
documents on quality control of welded joints;
acts of testing structures (if tests are provided for by additional rules of these rules and regulations or working drawings);
other documents specified in additional rules or working drawings.
1.23. It is allowed in projects, with appropriate justification, to assign requirements for the accuracy of parameters, volumes and methods of control that differ from those provided for by these rules. At the same time, the accuracy geometric parameters structures should be assigned based on the accuracy calculation in accordance with GOST 21780-83.
2. CONCRETE WORKS
MATERIALS FOR CONCRETE
2.1. The choice of cements for the preparation of concrete mixtures should be made in accordance with these rules (recommended Appendix 6) and GOST 23464-79. Acceptance of cements should be carried out in accordance with GOST 22236-85, transportation and storage of cements - in accordance with GOST 22237-85 and SNiP 3.09.01-85.
2.2. Aggregates for concrete are used fractionated and washed. It is forbidden to use a natural mixture of sand and gravel without sieving into fractions (mandatory Appendix 7). When choosing aggregates for concrete, mainly materials from local raw materials should be used. To obtain the required technological properties of concrete mixtures and the performance properties of concrete, chemical additives or their complexes should be used in accordance with the mandatory Appendix 7 and the recommended Appendix 8.
CONCRETE MIXTURES
2.3. Dosing of the components of concrete mixes should be done by weight. Dosing by volume of water of additives introduced into the concrete mixture in the form of aqueous solutions is allowed. The ratio of components is determined for each batch of cement and aggregates, when preparing concrete of the required strength and mobility. The dosage of the components should be adjusted during the preparation of the concrete mixture, taking into account the data of monitoring the indicators of cement properties, moisture content, granulometry of aggregates and strength control.
2.4. The order of loading the components, the duration of mixing the concrete mixture should be established for specific materials and conditions of the concrete mixing equipment used by evaluating the mobility, uniformity and strength of concrete in a particular batch. When introducing segments of fibrous materials (fibers), such a method of their introduction should be provided so that they do not form lumps and inhomogeneities.
When preparing a concrete mix using a separate technology, the following procedure must be observed:
water, part of the sand, finely ground mineral filler (if used) and cement are dosed into a working high-speed mixer, where everything is mixed;
the resulting mixture is fed into a concrete mixer, pre-loaded with the rest of the aggregates and water, and once again everything is mixed.
2.5. Transportation and supply of concrete mixtures should be carried out by specialized means that ensure the preservation of the specified properties of the concrete mixture. It is forbidden to add water at the place of laying the concrete mixture to increase its mobility.
2.6. The composition of the concrete mixture, preparation, acceptance rules, control methods and transportation must comply with GOST 7473-85.
2.7. Requirements for the composition, preparation and transportation of concrete mixes are given in Table. one.
Table 1
1. The number of coarse aggregate fractions with grain size, mm: Measuring according to GOST 10260-82, journal of works
up to 40 At least two
St. 40 At least three
2. The largest size of aggregates for:
reinforced concrete structures No more than 2/3 of the smallest distance between reinforcement bars The same
slabs Max. 1/2 slab thickness
thin-walled structures No more than 1/3-1/2 of the thickness of the product
when pumping with a concrete pump: no more than 0.33 inner diameter pipeline
including grains of the largest size of flaky and acicular forms Not more than 15% by weight
when pumping through concrete pipelines, the content of sand with a fineness of less than, mm: Measuring according to GOST 8736-85, journal of works
0,14 5 - 7 %
0,3 15 - 20 %
LAYING CONCRETE MIXTURES
2.8. Before concreting, rock foundations, horizontal and inclined concrete surfaces of working joints must be cleaned of debris, dirt, oils, snow and ice, cement film, etc. Immediately before laying the concrete mix, the cleaned surfaces must be washed with water and dried with a jet of air.
2.9. All structures and their elements closed in the course of subsequent work (prepared structural bases, reinforcement, embedded products, etc.), as well as the correct installation and fixing of the formwork and its supporting elements, must be accepted in accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85.
2.10. Concrete mixtures should be laid in concreted structures in horizontal layers of the same thickness without gaps, with consistent direction of laying in one direction in all layers.
2.11. When compacting the concrete mixture, it is not allowed to rest the vibrators on the reinforcement and embedded products, strands and other elements of the formwork fastening. The depth of immersion of the deep vibrator in the concrete mixture should ensure its deepening into the previously laid layer by 5 - 10 cm.
2.12. Laying of the next layer of concrete mixture is allowed before the beginning of setting of the concrete of the previous layer. The duration of the break between the laying of adjacent layers of concrete mix without the formation of a working seam is established by the construction laboratory. The top level of the laid concrete mixture should be 50 - 70 mm below the top of the formwork panels.
2.13. The surface of the working joints, arranged when laying the concrete mixture intermittently, must be perpendicular to the axis of the columns and beams to be concreted, the surface of the slabs and walls. The resumption of concreting is allowed to be carried out when the concrete reaches a strength of at least 1.5 MPa. Working seams, in agreement with the design organization, can be arranged during concreting:
columns - at the level of the top of the foundation, the bottom of the runs, beams and crane consoles, the top of the crane beams, the bottom of the capitals of the columns;
beams of large dimensions, monolithically connected to the slabs - 20 - 30 mm below the mark of the lower surface of the slab, and if there are haunches in the slab - at the mark of the bottom of the haunch of the slab;
flat slabs - anywhere parallel to the smaller side of the slab;
ribbed floors - in the direction parallel to the secondary beams;
individual beams - within the middle third of the span of beams, in the direction parallel to the main beams (girders) within two middle quarters of the span of girders and slabs;
arrays, arches, vaults, reservoirs, bunkers, hydraulic structures, bridges and other complex engineering structures and structures - in the places indicated in the projects.
2.14. Requirements for laying and compaction of concrete mixes are given in Table. 2.
table 2
Parameter Parameter value Control (method, volume, registration type)
1. Strength of surfaces of concrete bases when cleaning from a cement film: Not less than, MPa: Measuring according to GOST 10180-78, GOST 18105-86, GOST 22690.0-77, journal of works
water and air jet 0.3
mechanical wire brush 1.5
hydro-sandblasting or mechanical milling cutter 5.0
2. Height of free dropping of the concrete mixture into the formwork of structures: No more than, m: Measuring, 2 times per shift, work log
columns 5.0
overlap 1.0
walls 4.5
non-reinforced structures 6.0
weakly reinforced underground structures in dry and cohesive soils 4.5
densely reinforced 3.0
3. Thickness of laid layers of concrete mix: Measuring, 2 times per shift, work log
when compacting the mixture with heavy hanging vertical vibrators 5-10 cm less than the length of the working part of the vibrator
when compacting the mixture with suspended vibrators located at an angle to the vertical (up to 30°) Not more than the vertical projection of the length of the working part of the vibrator
when compacting the mixture with manual internal vibrators Not more than 1.25 of the length of the working part of the vibrator
when compacting the mixture with surface vibrators in structures: No more than, cm:
unreinforced 40
with single armature 25
with double reinforcement 12
Approved
Order of the Federal
construction agencies
and housing and communal
household (Gosstroy)
dated December 25, 2012 N 109/GS
SET OF RULES
UPDATED VERSION OF SNiP 3.03.01-87
LOAD-BEARING AND ENVELOPED STRUCTURES
Load-bearing and separating constructions
SP 70.13330.2012
OKS 91.080.10
91.080.20
91.080.30
91.080.40
Foreword
Goals and principles of standardization in Russian Federation established by the Federal Law of December 27, 2002 N 184-FZ "On technical regulation", and the development rules - by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 19, 2008 N 858 "On the procedure for developing and approving sets of rules".
About the set of rules
1. Performers - CJSC "TsNIIPSK named after Melnikov"; Institutes of OAO "Scientific Center "Construction": NIIZhB named after A.A. Gvozdev and TsNIISK named after V.A. Kucherenko; Association of Manufacturers of Ceramic wall materials; Association of manufacturers of silicate products, Siberian Federal University.
2. Introduced by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 465 "Construction".
3. Prepared for approval by the Department of Urban Planning Policy.
4. Approved by the Order of the Federal Agency for Construction, Housing and Communal Services (Gosstroy) dated December 25, 2012 N 109 / GS and entered into force on July 1, 2013.
5. Registered by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart). Revision of SP 70.13330.2011 "SNiP 3.03.01-87 Bearing and enclosing structures".
Information about changes to this updated set of rules is published in the annually published information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments - in the monthly published information indexes "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this set of rules, a corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notification and texts are also placed in the information system common use- on the official website of the developer (Gosstroy) on the Internet.
Introduction
This set of rules has been developed in order to improve the quality of construction and installation works, the durability and reliability of buildings and structures, as well as the level of safety of people at the construction site, safety material assets in accordance with the Federal Law of December 30, 2009 N 384-FZ "Technical Regulations on the Safety of Buildings and Structures", increasing the level of harmonization of regulatory requirements with European and international normative documents; application of uniform methods for determining performance characteristics and assessment methods.
The updating of SNiP 3.03.01-87 was carried out by the following team of authors: CJSC "TsNIIPSK named after Melnikov" consisting of specialists: candidates of techn. Sciences N.I. Presnyakov, V.V. Evdokimov, V.F. Belyaev; Dr. tech. Sciences B.V. Ostroumov, V.K. Vostrov; engineers S.I. Bochkova, V.M. Babushkin, G.V. Kalashnikov; Siberian Federal University - Associate Professor, Ph.D. tech. Sciences V.L. Igoshin; Institutes of OAO "National Research Center "Construction": NIIZhB named after A.A. Gvozdev - Doctor of Technical Sciences B.A. Krylov, V.F. Stepanova, N.K. Rozental; Candidates of Technical Sciences V.R. Falikman , M. I. Brusser, A. N. Bolgov, V. I. Savin, T. A. Kuzmich, M. G. Korevitskaya, L. A. Titova, I. I. Karpukhin, G. V. Lyubarskaya, D V. Kuzevanov, N. K. Vernigora and TsNIISK named after V. A. Kucherenko - Doctors of Engineering Sciences I. I. Vedyakov, S. A. Madatyan, Candidates of Engineering Sciences O. I. Ponomarev, S. B. Turkovsky, A. A. Pogoreltsev, I. P. Preobrazhenskaya, A. V. Prostyakov, G. G. Gurova, M. I. Gukova, A. V. Potapov, A. M. Gorbunov, E. G. Fokin, Association of Manufacturers of Ceramic Wall Materials - VN Gerashchenko, Association of Manufacturers of Silicate Products - NV Somov.
1 area of use
1.1. This set of rules applies to the production and acceptance of work performed during the construction and reconstruction of enterprises, buildings and structures in all sectors of the national economy:
in the construction of monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structures from heavy, extra heavy, on porous aggregates, heat-resistant and alkali-resistant concrete, in the performance of shotcrete and underwater concreting;
in the manufacture of prefabricated concrete and reinforced concrete structures in the conditions of a construction site;
during the installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete, steel, wooden structures and structures made of light efficient materials;
when welding assembly joints of building steel and reinforced concrete structures, reinforcement joints and embedded products of monolithic reinforced concrete structures;
in the production of works on the construction of stone and reinforced masonry structures from ceramic and silicate bricks, ceramic, silicate, natural and concrete stones, brick and ceramic panels and blocks, concrete blocks.
The requirements of this set of rules should be taken into account when designing the structures of buildings and structures.
1.2. When erecting special structures - roads, bridges, pipes, steel tanks and gas holders, tunnels, subways, airfields, hydrotechnical reclamation and other structures, as well as when erecting buildings and structures on permafrost and subsidence soils, undermined territories and in seismic areas, additional be guided by the requirements of the relevant regulatory documents.
2.1. This set of rules uses references to the following regulatory documents:
GOST 379-95 Brick and silicate stones. Specifications
GOST 450-77 Technical calcium chloride. Specifications
GOST 530-07 Ceramic brick and stone. General specifications
GOST 828-77 Technical sodium nitrate. Specifications
GOST 965-89 White Portland cements. Specifications
GOST 969-91 Aluminous and high aluminous cements. Specifications
GOST 1581-96 Oil-well portland cements. Specifications
GOST 2081-2010 Carbamide. Specifications
GOST 2246-70 Steel welding wire. Specifications
GOST 3242-79 Welded joints. Quality control methods
GOST 5264-80 Manual arc welding. Connections are welded. Main types, structural elements and dimensions
GOST 5578-94 Crushed stone and sand from slags of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy for concrete. Specifications
GOST 5686-94 Soils. Piling Field Test Methods
GOST 5802-86 Building mortars. Test Methods
GOST 6402-70 Spring washers. Specifications
GOST 6996-66 Welded joints. Methods for determining mechanical properties
GOST 7076-99 Construction materials and products. Method for determining thermal conductivity and thermal resistance in a stationary thermal regime
GOST 7473-2010 Concrete mixes. Specifications
GOST 7512-82 Non-destructive testing. Connections are welded. radiographic method
GOST 7566-94 Steel products. Acceptance, marking, packaging, transportation and storage
GOST 8267-93 Crushed stone and gravel from dense rocks for construction works. Specifications
GOST 8269.0-97 Crushed stone and gravel from dense rocks and industrial waste for construction work. Methods of physical and mechanical tests
GOST 8713-79 Submerged arc welding. Connections are welded. Main types, structural elements and dimensions
GOST 8735-88 Sand for construction work. Test Methods
GOST 8736-93 Sand for construction work. Specifications
GOST 9087-81 Fused welding fluxes. Specifications
GOST 9206-80 Diamond powders. Specifications
GOST 9467-75 Coated metal electrodes for manual arc welding of structural and heat-resistant steels. Types
GOST 9757-90 Artificial porous gravel, crushed stone and sand. Specifications
GOST 9758-2012 Porous inorganic aggregates for construction work. Test Methods
GOST 10060-2012 Concrete. Methods for determining frost resistance
GOST 10178-85 Portland cement and Portland slag cement. Specifications
GOST 10180-90 Concrete. Methods for determining the strength of control samples
GOST 10181-2000 Concrete mixtures. Test Methods
GOST 10243-75 Steel. Test methods and evaluation of macrostructure
GOST 10541-78 Universal motor oils and for automotive carburetor engines. Specifications
GOST 10690-73 Technical potassium carbonate (potash). Specifications
GOST 10832-2009 Expanded perlite sand and crushed stone. Specifications
GOST 10906-78 Oblique washers. Specifications
GOST 10922-90 Reinforcing and embedded products, their welded, knitted and mechanical connections for reinforced concrete structures. General specifications
GOST 11052-74 Expanding gypsum alumina cement
GOST 11371-78 Washers. Specifications
GOST 11533-75 Automatic and semi-automatic submerged arc welding. Connections are welded at acute and obtuse angles. Main types, structural elements and dimensions
GOST 11534-75 Manual arc welding. Connections are welded at acute and obtuse angles. Main types, structural elements and dimensions
GOST 12730.5-84 Concrete. Methods for determining water resistance
GOST 12865-67 Expanded vermiculite
GOST 13015-2003 Concrete and reinforced concrete products for construction. General technical requirements. Rules for acceptance, labeling, transportation and storage
GOST 13087-81 Concrete. Methods for determining abrasion
GOST 14098-91 Welded fittings and embedded products of reinforced concrete structures. Types, designs and sizes
GOST 14771-76 Shielded arc welding. Connections are welded. Main types, structural elements and dimensions
GOST 14782-86 Non-destructive testing. Connections are welded. Ultrasonic methods
GOST 15150-69 Machinery, instruments and other technical products. Versions for different climatic regions. Categories, conditions of operation, storage and transportation in terms of the impact of environmental climatic factors
GOST 15164-78 Electroslag welding. Connections are welded. Main types, structural elements and dimensions
GOST 15825-80 Colored Portland cement. Specifications
GOST 16037-80 Welded steel pipeline joints. Main types, structural elements and dimensions
GOST ISO/IEC 17025-2009 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
GOST 17624-87 Concrete. Ultrasonic strength determination method
GOST 18105-2010 Concrete. Strength control and assessment rules
GOST 18442-80 Non-destructive testing. capillary methods. General requirements
GOST 19906-74 Technical sodium nitrite. Specifications
GOST 20276-99 Soils. Methods for field determination of strength and deformability characteristics
GOST 20799-88 Industrial oils. Specifications
GOST 20850-84 Glued wooden structures. General specifications
GOST 20910-90 Heat-resistant concrete. Specifications
GOST 21104-75 Non-destructive testing. Ferroprobe method
GOST 21105-87 Non-destructive testing. Magnetic particle method
GOST 21779-82 System for ensuring the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction. Technological approvals
GOST 21780-2006 System for ensuring the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction. Accuracy calculation
GOST 22263-76 Crushed stone and sand from porous rocks. Specifications
GOST 22266-94 Sulphate-resistant cements. Specifications
GOST 22690-88 Concrete. Determination of strength by mechanical methods of non-destructive testing
GOST 22845-85 Electric passenger and freight elevators. Rules for the organization, production and acceptance of installation work
GOST 23118-99 Steel building structures. General specifications
GOST 23407-78 Inventory fences for construction sites and sites for construction and installation works. Specifications
GOST 23518-79 Shielded arc welding. Connections are welded at acute and obtuse angles. Main types, structural elements and dimensions
GOST 23683-89 Petroleum solid paraffins. Specifications
GOST 23732-2011 Water for concrete and mortar. Specifications
GOST 23858-79 Welded butt and tee fittings for reinforced concrete structures. Ultrasonic quality control methods. Acceptance rules
GOST 24045-2010 Bent steel sheet profiles with trapezoidal corrugations for construction. Specifications
GOST 24211-2008 Additives for concrete and mortars. General specifications
GOST 24379.0-80 Foundation bolts. General specifications
GOST 24846-81 Soils. Methods for measuring deformations of the foundations of buildings and structures
GOST 25192-82 Concrete. Classification and general technical requirements
GOST 25225-82 Non-destructive testing. Seams of welded joints of pipelines. Magnetographic method
GOST 25246-82 Chemically resistant concretes. Specifications
GOST 25328-82 Cement for mortars. Specifications
GOST 25485-89 Cellular concrete. Specifications
GOST 25592-91 Ash and slag mixtures for thermal power plants for concrete. Specifications
GOST 25818-91 Fly ash from thermal power plants for concrete. Specifications
GOST 25820-2000 Lightweight concrete. Specifications
GOST 26271-84 Flux-cored wire for arc welding of carbon and low-alloy steels. General specifications
GOST 26633-91 Heavy and fine-grained concrete. Specifications
GOST 26644-85 Crushed stone and sand from slags of thermal power plants for concrete. Specifications
GOST 26887-86 Platforms and ladders for construction and installation works. General specifications
GOST 27005-86 Light and cellular concretes. Medium Density Control Rules
GOST 27006-86 Concrete. Squad selection rules
GOST 28013-98 Building mortars. General specifications
GOST 28570-90 Concrete. Methods for determining strength from samples taken from structures
GOST 30515-97 Cements. General specifications
GOST 30971-2002 Mounting seams for adjoining window blocks to wall openings. General specifications
GOST 31108-2003 General construction cements. Specifications
GOST 31384-2008 Protection of concrete and reinforced concrete structures against corrosion. General technical requirements
GOST 12.1.046-85 SSBT. Construction. Building site lighting standards
GOST R 12.4.026-2001 SSBT. Signal colors, safety signs and signal markings. Purpose and rules of application. General technical requirements and characteristics. Test Methods
GOST R 51254-99 Mounting tool for normalized tightening of threaded connections. Keys are momentary. General specifications
GOST R 51263-99 Polystyrene concrete. Specifications
GOST R 51634-2000 Motor and tractor oils. General technical requirements
GOST R 52085-2003 Formwork. General specifications
GOST R 52752-2007 Formwork. Test Methods
SP 15.13330.2012 "SNiP II-22-81* Stone and reinforced masonry structures"
SP 16.13330.2011 "SNiP II-23-81* Steel structures"
SP 20.13330.2011 "SNiP 2.01.07-85* Loads and impacts"
SP 25.13330.2012 "SNiP 2.02.04-88 Bases and foundations on permafrost soils"
SP 28.13330.2012 "SNiP 2.03.11-85 Protection of building structures against corrosion"
SP 45.13330.2012 "SNiP 3.02.01-87 Earthworks, foundations and foundations"
SP 46.13330.2012 "SNiP 3.06.04-91 Bridges and pipes"
SP 48.13330.2011 "SNiP 12-01-2004 Organization of construction"
SP 50.13330.2012 "SNiP 23-02-2003 Thermal protection of buildings"
SP 130.13330.2011 "SNiP 3.09.01-85 Production of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures and products".
Note. When using this set of rules, it is advisable to check the effect of reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the national bodies of the Russian Federation for standardization on the Internet or according to the annually published information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding monthly published information indexes published in the current year. If the referenced document is replaced (modified), then when using this set of rules, one should be guided by the replaced (modified) document. If the referenced document is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which the link to it is given applies to the extent that this link is not affected.
3. General requirements
3.1. The organization and performance of work on the construction of buildings and structures, the arrangement of the construction site and workplaces must meet the requirements and.
3.2. The organization and production of work at the construction site must be carried out in compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and the requirements,.
3.3. The work should be carried out in accordance with the project for the production of works (PPR), which, along with the general requirements, should provide for: the sequence of installation of structures; measures to ensure the required accuracy of the installation; spatial immutability of structures in the process of their pre-assembly and installation in the design position; stability of structures and parts of the building (structure) in the process of construction; the degree of enlargement of structures and safe working conditions.
The combined installation of structures and equipment should be carried out according to the PPR, which contains the procedure for combining work, interconnected schemes of installation tiers and zones, schedules for lifting structures and equipment.
If necessary, as part of the PPR, additional technical requirements should be developed aimed at improving the construction manufacturability of the structures being erected, which should be agreed upon in the prescribed manner with the organization - the project developer and included in the executive working drawings.
3.4. The construction site must be fenced in accordance with the requirements of GOST 23407 and marked with safety signs and inscriptions of the established form in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 12.4.026. The construction site, work sites, workplaces, driveways and approaches to them at night must be illuminated in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.046.
3.5. Data on the production of construction and installation works should be entered daily in the work logs for the installation of building structures (Appendix A), welding works (Appendix B), anti-corrosion protection of welded joints (Appendix C), embedment of assembly joints and assemblies (Appendix D), assembly joints on bolts with controlled tension (Appendix D), a log of concrete work (Appendix F), as well as to fix their position in the course of installation of structures on geodetic executive diagrams. The quality of construction and installation works must be ensured by current control technological processes preparatory and basic work, as well as when accepting work. According to the results of the current control of technological processes, certificates of examination of hidden works are drawn up.
3.6. Structures, products and materials used in the construction of concrete, reinforced concrete, steel, wood and stone structures must meet the requirements of the relevant standards, codes of practice and working drawings.
3.7. Transportation and temporary storage of structures (products) in the installation area should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of state standards for these structures (products), and for non-standardized structures (products), the following requirements must be observed:
structures should, as a rule, be in a position corresponding to the design one (beams, trusses, slabs, wall panels, etc.), and if this condition cannot be met, in a position convenient for transportation and transfer to installation (columns, flights of stairs etc.), provided that their strength is ensured;
structures should be based on inventory linings and gaskets of rectangular section, located in the places indicated in the project; the thickness of the gaskets must be at least 30 mm and at least 20 mm higher than the height of the sling loops and other protruding parts of the structures; for multi-tiered loading and storage of the same type of structures, linings and gaskets should be located on the same vertical along the line of lifting devices (loops, holes) or in other places indicated in the working drawings;
structures must be securely fastened to protect against overturning, longitudinal and transverse displacement, mutual impacts on each other or on the structure of vehicles; fastenings should ensure the possibility of unloading each element from vehicles without violating the stability of the rest;
textured surfaces of load-bearing structures must be protected from damage and contamination;
reinforcement outlets and protruding parts must be protected from damage; factory marking must be accessible for inspection;
small parts for mounting connections should be attached to the shipping elements or sent simultaneously with the structures in a container equipped with tags indicating the brands of the parts and their number; these parts should be stored under a canopy;
fasteners should be stored indoors, sorted by type and brand, bolts and nuts - by strength classes and diameters, and high-strength bolts, nuts and washers - and by lot.
3.8. Facade cladding and roofing structures with textured and other finishes, thin-walled galvanized elements of load-bearing structures, fasteners and parts of load-bearing and enclosing structures, façade and roofing fittings, insulation and vapor barrier materials should be stored in an unheated warehouse with a hard floor covering.
Storage of structures, cladding panels and parts in a warehouse is carried out in a packaged form on wooden beams up to 10 cm thick, with a step of 0.5 m. The warehouse must be closed, dry, with hard flooring.
It is not allowed to store the structures, panels and parts specified in this paragraph in open areas and together with aggressive chemical products.
3.9. Structures during storage should be sorted by brands and stacked taking into account the sequence of installation.
3.10. It is forbidden to move any structures by dragging.
3.11. To ensure the safety of wooden structures during transportation and storage, inventory devices (lodgements, clamps, containers, soft slings) should be used with installation of soft pads and linings in places of support and contact of structures with metal parts. Structures should be stored under a canopy to protect them from exposure to solar radiation, alternating moistening and drying.
3.12. Prefabricated structures should be installed, as a rule, from vehicles or enlargement stands.
3.13. Before lifting each mounting element, check:
compliance with its design brand;
the condition of embedded products and installation marks, the absence of dirt, snow, ice, damage to the finish, priming and painting;
availability of the necessary connecting parts and auxiliary materials at the workplace;
correctness and reliability of fastening of load-handling devices.
Each mounting element must be equipped in accordance with the PPR with scaffolding, ladders and railings.
3.14. Slinging of the mounted elements should be carried out in the places indicated in the working drawings, and ensure their lifting and supply to the installation site in a position close to the design one. If it is necessary to change the places of slinging, they must be agreed with the organization - the developer of the working drawings.
Lifting operations with thin-walled galvanized structures, facing panels and slabs should be carried out using textile tape slings, vacuum grippers or other devices that prevent damage to structures and panels.
It is forbidden to sling structures in arbitrary places, as well as for the release of reinforcement.
Slinging schemes for enlarged flat and spatial blocks must ensure their strength, stability and invariability of geometric dimensions and shapes when lifting.
3.15. Mounted elements should be lifted smoothly, without jerks, swinging and rotation, as a rule, using braces. When lifting vertically located structures, one guy is used, horizontal elements and blocks - at least two.
The structures should be lifted in two stages: first, to a height of 20 - 30 cm, then, after checking the reliability of the slinging, further lifting should be carried out.
3.16. When installing mounting elements, the following must be ensured:
stability and immutability of their position at all stages of installation;
work safety;
the accuracy of their position with the help of constant geodetic control;
strength of mounting connections.
3.17. Structures should be installed in the design position according to the accepted guidelines (risks, pins, stops, edges, etc.).
Structures with special embedded or other fixing devices should be installed on these devices.
3.18. Mounting elements to be installed must be securely fastened before bridging.
3.19. Until the end of the reconciliation and reliable (temporary or design) fixing of the installed element, it is not allowed to rest on it the overlying structures, if such support is not provided for by the PPR.
3.20. If there are no special requirements in the working drawings, the maximum deviations of the alignment of landmarks (edges or scratches) during the installation of prefabricated elements, as well as deviations from the design position of structures completed by installation (erection) should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bgiven in the relevant sections of this set of rules.
Deviations for the installation of mounting elements, the position of which may change in the process of their permanent fixing and loading with subsequent structures, should be assigned in the PPR so that they do not exceed the limit values after the completion of all installation work. In the absence of special instructions in the PPR, the deviation of the elements during installation should not exceed 0.4 of the maximum deviation for acceptance.
3.21. The use of installed structures for attaching cargo pulley blocks, diverting blocks and other lifting devices to them is allowed only in cases provided for by the PPR and agreed, if necessary, with the organization that completed the working drawings of the structures.
3.22. Installation of building structures (structures) should be started, as a rule, from a spatially stable part: a bond cell, a stiffening core, etc.
Installation of structures of buildings and structures of great length or height should be carried out in spatially stable sections (spans, tiers, floors, temperature blocks, etc.).
3.23. Production quality control of construction and installation works should be carried out in accordance with SP 48.13330.
The following documentation must be submitted during acceptance control:
as-built drawings with introduced (if any) deviations, approved by the manufacturer of structures, as well as by the installation organization, agreed with design organizations - developers of drawings, and documents on their approval;
factory technical passports for steel, reinforced concrete and wooden structures;
documents (certificates, passports) certifying the quality of materials used in the construction and installation works;
certificates of examination of hidden works;
acts of intermediate acceptance of critical structures;
Executive geodetic schemes of the position of structures;
work logs;
documents on quality control of welded joints;
acts of testing structures (if tests are provided for by additional rules of this set of rules or working drawings);
other documents specified in additional rules or working drawings.
3.24. It is allowed in projects, with appropriate justification, to assign requirements for the accuracy of parameters, volumes and methods of control that differ from those provided for by these rules. In this case, the accuracy of the geometric parameters of structures should be assigned on the basis of the accuracy calculation in accordance with GOST 21780.
This set of rules was developed in order to improve the quality of construction and installation works, the durability and reliability of buildings and structures, as well as the level of safety of people at the construction site, the safety of material assets in accordance with N 384-FZ of December 30, 2009 "Technical Regulations on safety of buildings and structures", increasing the level of harmonization of regulatory requirements with European and international regulatory documents; application of uniform methods for determining operational characteristics and evaluation methods.
3.5 Data on the production of construction and installation works should be entered daily in the work logs for the installation of building structures (), welding (), anti-corrosion protection of welded joints (), monolithic field joints and assemblies (), performing field connections on bolts with controlled tension ( ), a journal of concrete works (), and also fix their position on the geodetic executive schemes during the installation of structures. The quality of construction and installation works must be ensured by the current control of the technological processes of preparatory and main works, as well as during the acceptance of works. According to the results of the current control of technological processes, certificates of examination of hidden works are drawn up.
3.6 Structures, products and materials used in the construction of concrete, reinforced concrete, steel, wood and stone structures must meet the requirements of the relevant standards, codes of practice and working drawings.
3.7 Transportation and temporary storage of structures (products) in the installation area should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of state standards for these structures (products), and for non-standardized structures (products), the following requirements must be observed:
Structures should, as a rule, be in a position corresponding to the design (beams, trusses, slabs, wall panels, etc.), and if this condition cannot be met, in a position convenient for transportation and transfer to installation (columns, flights of stairs etc.) provided that their strength is ensured;
Structures should be based on inventory linings and gaskets of rectangular section, located in the places specified in the project; the thickness of the gaskets must be at least 30 mm and at least 20 mm higher than the height of the sling loops and other protruding parts of the structures; for multi-tiered loading and storage of the same type of structures, linings and gaskets should be located on the same vertical along the line of lifting devices (loops, holes) or in other places indicated in the working drawings;
1 General provisions
