Many found themselves in a situation where the heating battery does not heat up or the heating is insufficient. There are few reasons for poor heating of the radiator, but in each case they are eliminated in different ways.
The heating system is of two types: one-pipe, the so-called Leningradka, and two-pipe. In apartment buildings, mainly single-pipe is used. In the vast majority of individual properties and recent new buildings, a two-pipe system is used.
In a single-pipe system, the coolant enters a single riser, from where it is distributed to the radiators. Filing is carried out from the first or last floor, which is of no fundamental importance. Bypasses are used to uniformly supply water to all batteries. Thanks to them, the required amount of water enters the radiator, the rest moves to the following departments. The disadvantage of a single-pipe system is that batteries that are closer to the inlet or boiler warm up better. The furthest in the system may not warm up enough.
In a two-pipe system, each radiator has an independent connection to two risers. Hot water is supplied from one, chilled water goes to the other. Ignorance of the features of heating systems of various types sometimes leads to sad consequences, especially when unskilled workers are accepted for repairs.
Infrequently, but there are cases when old batteries in a single-pipe system are replaced with modern aluminum ones. The expected effect does not occur, because aluminum appliances are designed for a two-pipe system, the coolant current weakens. Moreover, due to poor water circulation, they become clogged. There is only one way out - to repair old batteries or install new ones suitable for a single-pipe system.
There are two main reasons why batteries do not heat up - air lock and clogged radiators. An air lock interferes with the circulation of the coolant, the radiator warms up poorly or remains cold. The way out of the situation is simple - to remove the air.
Modern systems have on each battery at the top a special faucet for air release. It is turned with a screwdriver or an adapter. If there is air in the system, you will hear a hiss. The tap is kept open for some time until the coolant flows out of it. If the air lock is very large, it may not be possible to completely bleed the air at one time. Wait ten minutes, try again until you feel the battery warm up completely.
Do not release a lot of coolant, hoping to remove air along with it. This threatens with a loss of pressure and a possible stop of the boiler in a private house.
On long-established cast-iron radiators, the air bleed valve is most likely missing. The simple job of bleeding air turns into a complex and dirty one. There are two approaches to removing air from a cast iron battery. The first - through the coupling on the coolant supply to the radiator, the second - by loosening the plug in the battery. In each case, it is not necessary to completely unscrew the coupling or plug, they are turned a little until a hiss appears.
It is important to determine in which direction the coupling or plug should be unscrewed, because both right and left threads are used on radiators. Where the coupling turns away is determined by the protruding part of the thread. The letter "L" is embossed on the plug with a left-hand thread, it is turned to the right side. It is important not to overdo it, especially when unscrewing the coupling, because the pipes can be rusty and can collapse from excessive force. Just in case, before wrapping, wrap a little tow with paint or fumlent on the thread so that water does not seep through the broken connection.
Clogged radiators are the second most common cause of poor heat supply. The system becomes clogged for two reasons: physical wear due to long-term operation or the supply of dirty water to the system without filtration. More often, salts were deposited on the inner walls for many years and the system clogged. Sometimes the deposits are so powerful that the coolant cannot break through the narrow slots at all. There is only one way out - replacing radiators, sometimes also pipes.
Do not drain water unless absolutely necessary. Each portion of fresh water adds deposits and clogs the system.
If the clogging is insignificant, the batteries are washed. Work is best done with the heating off. If you have to resort to such an operation during the heating season. Then disconnect the batteries by turning the taps and remove. Not all systems have taps to turn off the radiators. Before cleaning the system in individual possessions, water is drained, and the supply is shut off in a multi-storey building. During the heating season, be careful - the water is very hot.
Clean the battery under high pressure. To do this, the batteries are taken out into the street, the battery is hermetically connected to a water source with a hose and blown. Rinse with water from the tap will not come out, some of the debris will still remain in the radiator. If one battery is clogged, flush the others, they are almost certainly clogged too.
In the private sector, in addition to the above reasons for the unsatisfactory operation of heating, there are others. Private houses have almost 100% autonomous heating. The heating boiler may be the cause of poor heating. Most likely, the boiler power is calculated incorrectly, it is not enough to heat the coolant to an acceptable temperature. If the automatic boiler does not turn off, this is a sure sign of insufficient power.
If the boiler is running, the liquid will still warm up. When the radiators are completely cold, the heating unit is broken or does not turn on. Modern boilers are switched on subject to the minimum level of pressure in the system. The boiler will not turn on if it is less. Also, modern boilers are equipped with a security system. For example, in a gas boiler there is a sensor responsible for ensuring that the exhaust gases go into the chimney. If for some reason the smoke does not completely go away, the automation will work, the boiler will turn off and will not turn on until the problems are fixed.
What other reasons are there why the battery in the house does not heat up? The pressure in the system may be too low and, as a result, the circulation is disturbed. If the batteries are old, this is unlikely, because two atmospheres (the usual pressure of a home system) is enough for them. But some modern batteries require higher pressure. Before installing them, it is worth looking at the passport to see if the system can create the required pressure.
You can slightly increase the pressure in the system by installing a circulation pump corresponding to the performance system.
Since heating in private homes is often done by people who are illiterate in this regard, installation errors are possible, which will cause the heating to be weak. It is believed that the use of a single-pipe system saves pipes, but due to the characteristics of the system, the heating of the batteries weakens as they move away from the boiler, or they remain completely cold. In addition, batteries removed from the boiler should have more sections. Saving is not possible.
In a private house, a two-pipe system is much more efficient, but errors are possible during its installation, which will affect the heating efficiency. These errors include:
With such errors, effective circulation is not ensured, the heating battery does not warm up. There is only one way out - to invite a specialist and eliminate errors. And in order not to pay twice, initially entrust such responsible work to a proven qualified specialist.
Many problems can be avoided if something is done first. Autonomous heating of a private house has an expansion tank for the system. If a tap is welded to the bottom pipe and water is gradually supplied to it, the air lock will leave through the tank. Through the same tap, the system is filled with water, then plugs will not appear. The only thing required is an assistant to monitor the water level in the tank.
To remove air from cast iron batteries, install a Mayevsky tap on the top plug. This is not difficult at all, you just need to unscrew the plug in the summer, drill a hole of the desired diameter in the center and cut the thread with the required pitch. The plugs are made of cast iron, the material is easy to process.
If the battery does not give off heat well for no apparent reason, it may be touching the wall. The larger the contact area, the more heat goes uselessly. Eliminate contact by moving the heatsink back a little. Do not cover batteries with decorative grilles that reduce heat transfer. It is better to attach a reflective screen made of foil material behind the radiator - heat transfer will increase.
The heating system seems simple only at first glance, in fact it has its own secrets and tricks. Everything seems complicated and confusing for a beginner. But it is worth understanding the issue and the main points are becoming clear.
Part of the battery may remain cold.
In this case, the following situations are considered:
How can this be explained? It is necessary to take into account the laws of physics and remember that hot water is much lighter than cold water, and therefore is located at the top of the heating device. Gradually giving up its thermal energy to the surrounding air, the coolant cools down. Its density, and hence its weight, increases. He goes down. That is why often half of the battery is cold and half is hot.
In any case, if the radiator is half cold, you need to seek help from a specialist, and not try to solve the problem yourself. This may result in equipment damage or injury.
Consequences of incorrect connection of the battery to the circuit.
Low coolant temperature. The installation of the heating device is done correctly, but still half of the battery is cold. What to do in this case? Very often, especially in frosty weather outside, the coolant enters the heating circuit at an insufficiently high temperature. Giving heat to the heating element, it cools down completely. That is why the effect of a cold radiator from below is created.
Dirt inside the heater. Debris, rust, as a result of corrosion of the inside of the heating circuit, can cause the batteries to be half cold. What to do in such a situation? Before the start of the heating season, especially if the thermal distribution was organized several decades ago, it is necessary to clean the radiators. To do this, a locksmith is called from the corresponding service and they perform all the work.
The situation is worse if the radiators do not heat up after the start of the heating season. In this case, the entire riser of an apartment building or the heating circuit of a private building is decommissioned. After all, it is possible to remove contaminants from the radiator only when there is no coolant in it.
To bleed air from the battery, open the Mayevsky tap and substitute some kind of vessel.
Air locks. They may be the reason why half of the battery is cold. It is easy to check their presence if the supply pipe and the return of the heating element are equipped with ball valves or thermostats. They are simply covered. Then the upper tap is opened, while the lower one remains closed for only 10-15 seconds. If extraneous sounds and gurgling are heard at the moment the coolant enters, there is air inside the heating element. It prevents the free circulation of hot water, therefore half of the battery does not heat up.
You can solve the problem by simply bleeding air. To do this, heaters are equipped with a Mayevsky crane or a conventional crane in its upper part. Beforehand, a container for collecting hot water is installed under the locking mechanism. The Mayevsky tap opens and stays in this position until all the air has escaped from the heating device. The process is accompanied by spraying hot water under pressure. That is why it is recommended to cover the tap with a cloth.
The cross section of the supply pipe is narrowed . The heating element is mounted correctly, it is new and there is no air inside, and the battery is half cold. Reason: a thermostat or a tap with a narrowed flow section is installed. What does it mean? Through a pipe with a narrowed cross section, half the coolant enters the radiator. As a result, the speed of movement of water in the radiator decreases, therefore, the temperature of its surface also decreases.
What needs to be done? Dismantle the taps in front of the heating element. Before choosing a new device, be sure to consult a specialist. He must calculate the required section of the valve, which will not affect the movement of the coolant in the circuit.
The air temperature in the room will always be low if half of the radiator is cold, half is hot. The reason for this may be incorrect installation of the radiator, the presence of a tap with a narrowed cross section in front of it, pollution and air inside the heating element. Any problem can be fixed if you seek help from a specialist. It is not recommended to carry out repairs yourself, as this leads to equipment failure or injury.
Good afternoon, after switching from a stove to a gas (main gas, Navien boiler) heating method in a private house, it was decided to put a radiator battery (aluminum) in place of the stove. Due to its relatively high location (30 cm) and the fact that historically the levels of the batteries in the ring in the house create a slope for the flow of water, only the top heats up in this battery (bleeding through the Mayevsky tap does not help much). How is it easier to start the last (in the sense of moving away from the boiler) battery?
And good day to you! Unfortunately, in order to assess your situation and give a specific answer, you did not provide enough information. We do not know what kind of heating system you have (one- or two-pipe), or where the horizontal lines are located (from below or from above), or how the boiler is connected. Without seeing the diagram, one can only guess about the reasons preventing the normal heating of one of the batteries, there may be several of them. We list the most likely:
Perhaps you will be helped by installing a pump of greater power. There is a possibility that standard equipment does not produce the required parameters. In some cases, when things are really bad and absolutely nothing helps, it is recommended to install an additional pump at the inlet to a separate heater.
With a sufficient speed of the coolant in the line, a partial reduction in the section on the line in the area of \u200b\u200bconnection of the device, between the inlet and outlet, will help to “drive” the liquid through the battery. This method should be used with caution and should not be used unnecessarily. You can't just insert a narrower pipe. It is necessary to embed a shut-off valve, equivalent in diameter to the line, and achieve the result by gradually adjusting it.
It should be noted that in a single-pipe system, the coolant must cool down while passing through a looped line. The battery farthest from the boiler in terms of supply should a priori be colder than the rest. If it is installed higher than other appliances, has more sections, this will further increase the difference in temperature.
Two-pipe gravity system with serial connection. Correct adjustment of the system is impossible: with a decrease in the flow on one of the radiators, the degree of heating of the subsequent ones inevitably decreases. If your system is mounted in a similar way, you will not be able to achieve a positive result. Partially, installing a more powerful circulation pump can help.
You probably have heaters connected in series. Today, more often, the lines have a small diameter and the circulation pump provides the necessary flow rate.
A properly calculated and assembled two-pipe system, unlike a single-pipe system, lends itself to fairly accurate balancing. Without touching the last, cold battery, the previous ones “press down”, tighten the valves. The coolant flows are balanced, achieving comfortable heat transfer from each device over time. The main adjustment is made by partially closing the non-return valve. Thermal heads and supply valves provide precise balance. Try to cover all previous batteries first. If heat has gone into a cold device, the system can be adjusted.
The simplest two-pipe system with natural circulation. Placing the supply branch on top avoids problems with a "cold" battery. Parallel connection makes it possible to control each heater individually. To some extent, it is possible to balance the system and increase the temperature in the far device
In the case when a two-pipe system is divided into several branches, their mutual balancing may also be required.
If the adjustment does not work, the cause may be insufficient pump power. Or too much difference in the hydraulic resistance of the various branches. In this case, you will have to put forced circulation on each branch.
A more modern two-pipe scheme with forced circulation. It is easy to ensure the same temperature in all devices by mutually adjusting the batteries. Please note that the pump is installed on the return line
In a two-pipe system with devices connected in series, there is also a loss of coolant temperature to the last device. If pipes are built into walls or floors, they must be thermally insulated.
stroy-aqua.com
The causes of clogging of batteries or heating radiators can be very different. Before thinking about how to clean the batteries, it is important to figure out why the radiator does not heat up, you may not have to clean anything at all. If your batteries do not heat well or do not heat at all, then there can actually be a lot of reasons, we will analyze them below:
First of all, check whether the supply to the specific circuit where the battery is clogged is blocked through the heating system manifold. In fact, clogging of the heating system is quite common and there is nothing surprising or sad about it. Either clogging occurred due to system wear, or the coolant is supplied to the system without a filter and the water is simply dirty. However, more often this happens simply due to the fact that over a long period of operation in the radiators, deposits occur on the inside of the pipes and the system becomes clogged. There are very sad options when only replacing the radiator will help. If you do not know how to clean cast iron batteries, then this is just the option, it is better to purchase bimetallic or other modern-style radiators, the efficiency of which will be higher, the view is more pleasant, and the work is more stable.
If the battery is already of a modern type, then it is enough to know how to clean the battery at home. Let's go over a few things to know:
Remember that you perform all actions at your own peril and risk, if there was no such experience, it is better to call a plumber who is more experienced.
There are many design flaws that can cause a system to malfunction. As a result - barely warm or even cold batteries.
Let's analyze the main mistakes and oversights:
The very first “logical” step is to blame the builders for everything and look for the cause in what has changed during the construction or repair process. However, all decisions were made directly by the customer, weren't they? Therefore, if you are going to make repairs, do not make the most common mistakes:
In fact, the reasons are simply “wagon”! Each heating system is inherently unique and each can have its own problems. It happens that the diameter of the pipes is incorrectly selected and the coolant is distributed incorrectly, or in general, due to a problem in throughput, it can simply stop the operation of the entire system somewhere. Or not enough pressure. Or the circulation pump or expansion tank is to blame. Be that as it may, only a professional can understand all the intricacies and wisdom, so if all of the above recommendations do not help, contact a competent plumber.
www.tverdo-kotel.com
The batteries heat up unevenly for three main reasons: incorrect calculation of the boiler power, heating radiators, circulation pump. Also, errors made during the installation of the pipeline, omissions during commissioning of heating.
Some heating problems can be fixed on your own.
In old heating systems, the Mayevsky faucet was often not provided for. If the cast iron radiators remain cold at the bottom after turning on the central heating, this indicates an air lock. Air can be removed by releasing the clamping sleeve slightly.
Batteries may be cold due to air pockets. Each time the system is filled, voids filled with air are formed. The constant circulation of the coolant gradually removes air from the system, removing it through the expansion tank or relief valves.
Therefore, it is better to use an old coolant for heating. As a result, even if at first the bottom was cold in the battery, the top was hot, and the sections differed in heating temperature, over time the situation can normalize due to the constant operation of the coolant without replacing it.
The best solution is to use a special coolant. It corrodes rust and eliminates clogging of pipes and radiators, which significantly affects heat transfer and uniformity of heating.
If independent efforts to achieve uniform heating of the radiator did not work, then it is clearly not worth delaying inviting a qualified plumber.
autonomnoeteplo.ru
Alas, the weather in the house does not depend only on our mood. The creation of the necessary, comfortable microclimate is provided by heating radiators, that is, batteries. Inside them, a stream of hot water passes, which heats the device, thereby ensuring the flow of heat in the premises. Unfortunately, the sewer riser is not checked by the apartment owners as often as they should be. In a panic that the heating riser is hot, and the batteries themselves are completely cold, we begin to take certain actions. Often without any result.
So, for starters, you should stop panicking, and seriously address the problem. The heating season has begun, you will already have to pay for heat, even if it has not reached your apartment for one reason or another. In order not to pay for cold batteries, you need to check the water supply risers, check how the sewer works, make sure that heating has really started in your apartment building, and only you have some problems with this.
Actually, the primary task is to understand the reasons. It is they who will make it possible to understand why the water supply risers are hot, and the battery itself is cold. Already from here it will be possible to move further, in the direction of solving the problem that has arisen. Some situations even provide for such a scenario in which radiators will have to be changed. But, let's hope, this will not come to that, and the issue can be solved by simpler and less drastic methods.
In fact, a sewer riser is a finicky thing. Therefore, there may be several reasons why the water supply risers turn out to be hot, although the radiator itself is cold. Consider the most common.
Repairing the sewer riser yourself is quite problematic. Especially if you don't know anything about this kind of work. In addition, if you find any malfunctions, you should immediately contact the relevant organizations. That is, those who are responsible for your home, or directly to the organization that is responsible for heating.
If you are told that they do not know anything, the reasons are incomprehensible to them, then you have the right to express everything that you think about them. Remember, they are obliged to resolve such issues at the request of the client. After all, it turns out that the heating season begins, you allegedly receive your heat (although for one reason or another it does not reach the water supply risers), and therefore the corresponding debt for utilities accumulates. In other words, although there is no heat, you have to pay for it.
In this regard, do you have to wait a few days for the plumbers to come, sort out the reasons, take certain actions? No, you must request immediate repair.
Before the relevant specialists come to you to solve the current situation, it will not be superfluous to obtain additional information about the operation of the water supply and sewer risers in order to provide the masters with the relevant data. Based on them, perhaps they will be able to find the reason for the lack of heat in your house much faster.
Therefore check:
Now you can consider each of the situations in more detail, which will allow you to determine the causes of the malfunctions, as well as find a way to solve the problem.
Quite often, heating and sewer risers cannot provide heat to your home because an air lock has formed. It is formed there quite naturally when the water is heated and the system is sharply filled with coolant. If there is an exhaust valve on the system, it will not be difficult to determine the presence of an air lock. On modern batteries, this valve is on top and works autonomously, releasing excess air from time to time.
In the absence of automation, a manual valve is provided, which is unscrewed and kept open until water flows.
Alas, older models are not equipped with cranes. But there is a plug, which will not be so difficult to remove. Just be sure to place some kind of container under it so that water does not spill onto the floor. Do not unscrew the plug completely, but only unscrew until a hiss appears. As soon as a similar sound begins to come out of the system, put the instrument aside and wait for air to escape and water to begin to flow. When the water seeps out, carefully tighten the plug, but do not remove the basin for a couple of hours in case the water continues to drip for a while.
If the reason for your lack of heating is not that the water supply risers are faulty or the sewer riser died for a long time, and flushing the system did not give the expected result, you will simply have to change the radiators.
It is important to consider for which room you choose batteries. For example, for a plumbing unit, a stainless steel product, models with a chrome finish, would be an excellent solution. Think about the quality of the paint and its ability to function in high humidity conditions. Choosing aluminum radiators is not recommended for those who live above the eighth floor. This is due to the low operating pressure of such batteries. Plus, there is one more drawback - the inner surfaces of aluminum radiators rust over time, and therefore they are not suitable for long-term service.
For bathrooms, radiators are produced, equipped with special hangers. They will heat the room, as well as, if necessary, dry your laundry. We do not forget about design solutions that can easily become a real highlight of your interior, while performing the functions assigned to them.
As you can see, there are many reasons why the battery remains or becomes cold, although the riser itself is hot. In fact, you can determine exactly why such a problem arose on your own.
Just remember, such issues must be resolved by the relevant organizations and specialists. They are responsible for the functioning and functioning of all systems in an apartment building, and therefore they must be addressed first of all. Why waste your strength, nerves, money and time when there are people whose task is to eliminate such malfunctions.
tavannaya.ru
Do you think that the heating battery heats up badly? There is only one reason: hot water does not enter the radiator. There is no unambiguous algorithm for choosing subsequent solutions. Only a qualified specialist will be able to unbiasedly understand the situation and give his suggestions regarding your heating system. However, before the decision is made to call a plumber, a lot can be done by yourself.
It may sound trite, but first make sure that you have hot water at home, whether the tap is open for its supply, or the riser is blocked due to plumbing work in the basement. Do not be too lazy to run through the neighbors from the upper floors. In the event of an unprofessional repair, one of them will have a comfortable temperature of the radiators, but all the residents from the bottom of the riser will not receive heat from the batteries, they will be cold. 
You have every right to come in like a neighbor with the question “batteries do not heat: what to do”, at the same time and check the heating temperature with them. If a battery is found that is warmer than yours, then the problem that has arisen may be outlined by just the wrong installation of valves at a neighbor. Your further actions taken will be according to the situation, perhaps the shut-off valves that have deprived other neighbors of comfort will be removed without scandal. Or call your housing and communal services structure and restore civil justice with the help of the administration.
If you have the courage to figure out why the batteries do not heat well, it would be nice to get acquainted with the basic concepts related to heating a residential apartment building.
Most high-rise buildings use a single-pipe system equipped with U-shaped risers. Let's show the conditional scheme of heat supply of three floors.
Hot water (red in the diagram) rises through one riser and passes, for example, through the bedrooms to the top floor, where, looping, it goes down through other rooms (blue). Such a scheme has been designed since Soviet times for the use of cast-iron radiators. Hot water enters the lower radiator manifold and, having passed through all sections, leaves the battery through the upper manifold.
Jumpers (bypasses) played a special role. They maintained a common forced circulation throughout the pipeline of the U-shaped riser (in the diagram - for the six radiators shown), being a safety net in case of clogging of the radiators with liquid technical dirt that accumulates during many years of operation. When passing the riser, some part of the total displacement of the hot water supplied from below turned to the radiator on one floor, and the rest passed unhindered, delivering heat to the apartments adjacent to the riser.
The aluminum heating radiators that have appeared are designed for two-pipe systems with hot water supply through the upper collector and its outlet from the lower collector. They have a completely different design of the internal cavity, respectively, different hydraulics. When obsolete cast-iron radiators began to be indiscriminately replaced with modern aluminum ones, but retaining a single-pipe scheme, the heat flow from hot water inside the batteries began to weaken due to mismatched directions of convection heat flows from cooling water and hot water pumped by an external pump. 
Worried about the fact that the heating radiator does not heat up, the residents began to go to various technical tricks, not caring at all about the freezing law-abiding neighbors. Such a discrepancy between the types of structures and a decrease in the rate of passage of water through the radiator led to deposits of dirt in the sections. Every year more and more sludge is deposited, and now the last battery, completely clogged with sludge, no longer heats. Then this epidemic covers the entire radiator.
So, everything is fine with the neighbors, the riser in the apartment is hotter than the cooled down battery. So, the problem is local, it's all about the radiator. An excursion into the basics of heat supply convincingly showed that the main reasons why the last battery does not heat up and makes such a longing for the freezing owner will certainly be:
In this case, washing with water under pressure will help. To remove the radiator without problems during the heating period, a bypass must be installed. But it is better to resort to the services of a plumber, who will clean the radiator tank from sludge with a special chemical composition.
Nothing can be changed in the single-pipe system itself. It remains only to mount a two-pipe water heating system. 
It is important! Of the three types of battery connection - bottom, side and diagonal - the most optimal option is the diagonal scheme.
In the event of a connection error, a clear sign is the uneven heating of the sections and their parts, for example, the lower part of the battery does not heat up. The sections closest to the connection point will be warm, the rest will be almost cold. With a side connection for a multi-section radiator, water generally “does not want” to flow around the entire battery, but will pass along the shortest path from the lower pipe to the upper one. Only an experienced plumber can help sort out this confusion.
To correct all connection errors, an injection tube is recommended, which in essence is an extension of the duct. It is inserted into the lead-through nut of the battery, effectively imitates a diagonal pattern and contributes to the fact that the coolant passes more than 70% of the entire working length of the flow section. By increasing the length of the hot water supply, the uneven heating of the battery is corrected, and the heat transfer of the heating system is improved.
In the absence of a normal supply of heat through the riser, it is necessary to “pull out” locksmiths from the housing and communal services structure serving the house. But problems with a low coolant temperature should be in all apartments in the riser, above and below yours.
One of the reasons why the battery does not heat up is an air lock in the radiator. To eliminate it, it is recommended that a special Mayevsky crane is screwed in instead of the side plug of the radiator. If it becomes necessary to bleed air from a cooled battery, this can be done independently. To do this, insert a screwdriver into the thread on the faucet and slowly turn it counterclockwise. As soon as the sound of air escaping with a hiss is heard, the working rotation of the screwdriver must be stopped. 
It is important! In preparation for opening the tap, it is necessary to clear the place near the battery, because a jet of dirty water can escape with air, which can stain everything around. Place a basin below the radiator.
If everything was done according to the instructions, but the battery does not heat up, then the radiator is thoroughly clogged. You can't do without plumbing.
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Heating is a housing and communal service, the purpose of which is to create a comfortable microclimate in the apartment. Permissible parameters for temperature fluctuations have been set, the heating season must start on time, and the heating of the batteries must comply with certain standards. If this is not the case, urgent action must be taken to correct the problem. Let's discuss what to do if the apartment has cold batteries.
The heating system of apartment buildings is an organized network of pipes connected to centralized equipment. The coolant - hot water - moves through the pipes from the heat source. It enters the MKD, where its further supply is regulated by inlet valves. With the valves open, the coolant is directed to a common riser connected to the batteries and radiators of each apartment.
The MKD heating system differs from analogues in private houses in that the heat carrier heating source is located outside the building. This means that the totality of its elements is part of the central system that supplies heat to a whole complex of residential and non-residential premises.
The mechanism that brings heat into apartments is multi-stage. Therefore, a separate organization is responsible for each section of the heating system. Inside the house, in accordance with the regulations, the service organization inspects, repairs and assesses the condition of engineering networks:
As a rule, they hire a specialist for this. He identifies and, if necessary, fixes equipment problems, evaluates the quality of services and possible causes of excessive heat consumption. The inspection is usually carried out once a year and is timed to coincide with the start of commissioning of the system.
The regulation of all aspects of public services for the population begins with the norms of the Housing Code of the Russian Federation. The rules for providing the population with communal resources are regulated by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 6, 2011 No. 354 “On the provision of utility services to owners and users of premises in apartment buildings and residential buildings” (hereinafter referred to as Decree No. 354). Requirements for the quality of heating are reflected in section VI of Appendix 1 to Decree No. 354.
From the above documents, you can find out to whom and how to complain about the lack of heat in the apartment.
Features of the provision of heating services are fixed in the Order of Rosstandart on June 11, 2014 No. 544-st “GOST R 51617-2014. National standard of the Russian Federation. Services of housing and communal services and management of apartment buildings. Public Utilities. General requirements" and "GOST 30494-2011. Interstate standard. Buildings residential and public. Indoor microclimate parameters”, approved in the order of Rosstandart dated July 12, 2012 No. 191-st.
Legislatively established standards for thermal performance for residential premises that can provide comfortable conditions for residents. In accordance with the regulations, the temperature in the apartment during the heating season must be within the limits presented in the table.
Thus, if the apartment has 18 degrees, there are no grounds for complaints about poor heating, because for a living room this is an acceptable value. Violation of these parameters is the reason for the official measurement and elimination of the problem.
The air temperature in the apartment will reach the standard values only if the proper level of heating of the battery is provided. The legislator did not set the minimum value for the temperature of the radiator, but it is clear that a barely warm device will not be able to maintain the microclimate of housing at a level of + 18-25 ° С.
More attention is paid to the upper temperature limit.
If a two-pipe heating system is used, the permissible maximum heating of the radiator in the living room is 95 °C. With a one-pipe system, the maximum cannot exceed 115°C.
The optimal value is the figure of 85-90 ° C. It is determined by the practical purposes of operating the equipment, since at higher rates the heating system fails faster.
The installation of a common house metering device occurs solely on the basis of the decision of the residents of the house. A simple type meter is a device that collects data from a flow meter built into the supply pipeline and information from temperature sensors. Based on these indicators, the device calculates the consumed heat. The final value is displayed on the board.
Since the installation of the heat meter is carried out by a specialized organization, to calculate the economic efficiency of the device, you should add up its cost, the price of installation and subsequent maintenance. Based on these data, a conclusion can be drawn.
In MKDs equipped with meters, heating fees are calculated based on three criteria:
The causes of failures in the operation of the heating system are diverse. So, problems can arise due to:
Cold pipes during the heating season are the basis for checking the equipment or looking for another problem that interferes with heating the home. Some actions can be taken independently, but it is better to contact the service organization. Specialists in its staff will carry out the necessary measurements and eliminate the breakdowns.
The reasons why the heating radiator in the apartment does not heat up may be due to the presence of air jams that impede the free movement of the coolant through the elements of the system. This problem usually occurs when:
Often the problem can be detected by hearing the characteristic gurgling of the coolant.
A more objective test: by touching the radiators in all areas of the dwelling, compare the temperature of the lower and upper parts of the battery. If the heating radiators in the apartment are half cold, first you need to bleed the air in the system. This can be done with the help of air vents located in rooms on the upper floors of the house.
Important for the normal functioning of heating devices is the quality of valves. However, in practice, it is often possible to encounter its malfunctions. If, for example, a cold bottom of the radiator is detected during a hot riser, the first step is to check the position of the valves. At the entrance to the radiator, they must be open.
If the valves are open, you need to assess the condition of the fittings. Long-term use of batteries causes the shut-off valves to accumulate dirt and scale.
This difficulty can be overcome. In this case, an audit of the faucet with cleaning or a complete replacement of the valves will help.
So, if the bottom of the heating radiator in the apartment does not heat up, you will have to check all the devices and mechanisms.
The heating pipe system, including the radiator itself, can become clogged with various deposits over time, partially or completely blocking the movement of the coolant. This usually leads to the cessation of heating or deterioration of the heat dissipation of the battery.
It is quite simple to establish that the blockage is the cause of the cold in the apartment: you just need to open the Mayevsky tap and drain some water into the prepared container. Dirty fluid indicates that the system is clogged. And, most likely, that is why the bimetallic heating radiator in the apartment does not heat well.
Pipes are cleaned only with the help of special equipment. And cleaning the battery is as follows:
A blockage can sometimes also explain why a cold return in an apartment building does not provide the same temperature regime in all apartments.
The reason for the weak heating of the room should also be sought in an insufficiently heated coolant or low pressure when it is supplied.
The most obvious explanation is the disadvantages in the operation of the boiler room. Most likely, the coolant initially does not warm up to the required rate. On the way to the house, the water cools even more, so when it enters the radiator of the apartment, its temperature drops to levels insufficient for heating the room.
If one battery is cold in the apartment, the source of the problem is probably inside the house or room.
First of all, it is worth opening all the valves - many residents forget that they blocked them at the end of the heating season. In your room, you can easily solve this issue. If the reason lies in the equipment of a neighboring apartment, it is better to enlist the support of a service organization.
In the event that radiators in all rooms are heated to different temperatures, there is a high probability that the heating system is incorrectly configured. When properly adjusted, it should provide an even distribution of heat.
This problem is expressed in the fact that more hot water enters one appliance, and less hot water enters the other. It can be solved by partially closing the valve on a hot battery and opening it completely on a cold one.
If these actions did not lead to the desired changes, it is necessary to check if there is a blockage in the faulty radiator. Perhaps he is the reason why the heating battery in the apartment cools down.
Sometimes the reason is more global, for example, when a heating main breaks. In these situations, not one house, but a whole block is left without heat. Such incidents are accidents on communal life support systems. They are eliminated by the emergency service of the housing and communal services - a structure that regularly monitors the state of the utility system and ensures its uninterrupted functioning.
Heating problems in an apartment building should be fixed immediately. And if the residents discovered the accident on their own, they should report what they saw to the emergency dispatch service of the housing maintenance office.
When naming the one who is responsible for heating in an apartment building, it is impossible to single out one organization, since this scheme involves both the companies servicing the house, the housing office, and resource providers. Most of the responsibilities in the provision of public services are assigned to service organizations - management companies (MC) and homeowners associations (HOA).
These organizations cannot control all issues, since their area of \u200b\u200bactivity includes only the creation of conditions and control over the normal operation of heating systems inside the house.
HOA or UK are those who are responsible for the heat in the apartment, in particular, monitor the temperature standards of equipment and residential premises, as well as the level of pressure and heating of the coolant at the entrance and exit from the house. In their sphere of responsibility is also the maintenance of engineering house networks.
ZhEK, in turn, is responsible for the condition of the main networks leading to the place of connection of the heating system of a residential building.
The resource supplying organization is obliged to ensure heating and delivery of the coolant in accordance with the standards, as well as to control its pressure while moving through the main pipes.
Before deciding what to do if the batteries in the apartment are barely warm, first you need to find out if only one owner of the premises has this problem or if all the residents of the house have encountered it. When the situation affects the whole house, it is better to act together.
Having discovered the unsatisfactory quality of heating, it is necessary to immediately notify the responsible and controlling organizations by calling them or making a written statement. If they heat poorly, it can help:
The easiest way is to notify the responsible organization by phone. In addition, in this case, it is likely that her representative will immediately be able to establish the reason for the lack of heating. So it's best to keep emergency numbers handy to save time.
From the following list, you can find out where to call if there is no heat:
A call to any of these organizations should be recorded. The dispatcher can make an appropriate entry, for example, in the register of citizens' appeals.
Such a mark will help confirm that the contractor and the supplier have identified a discrepancy between the services provided and the established quality. Otherwise, the statements of the tenants will remain unfounded. Therefore, it is important not only to know who to call, but also to make sure that your message does not go unnoticed.
You can also inform the responsible organizations about the lack of heating in writing. But in this case, for starters, it is advisable to submit a document to the institution responsible for providing utility services to residents of the house, that is, the Criminal Code, the HOA or the housing cooperative.
Having determined the place where to complain if the batteries in the apartment are a little warm, you should start drawing up a written statement, preferably in duplicate. The complaint should be personally taken to the office of the service company, taking with him a second copy, on which the employee will put a registration stamp, date and signature.
Sending a document by mail will greatly increase the waiting time for a solution to the issue.
There is no standard application form, with which many tenants try to eliminate the cold in the apartment. The claim can be presented in any form, but it is worth including the following key information in it:
The application form looks like this.
The application is accepted for consideration after registration.
If the service organization cannot immediately explain or eliminate the cause that led to poor heating, it is obliged to send its employee to the house to conduct an inspection and draw up an act.
The time and date must be agreed with the tenants, but, according to the regulations, the check is carried out no later than two hours from the moment the information is received from the consumer of the service.
After inspecting and measuring, the specialist records the data obtained in an act that must be signed by the tenant and a representative of the organization.
If the latter ignored the appeal, the tenant has the right to draw up an inspection report on his own. This document can be transferred, for example, to the state housing inspection. She will conduct a new inspection and take action on its results.
Residents should know in advance where to go if the apartment is very cold and there is no heating. Having discovered a malfunction, you should immediately report it in order to provoke a reaction from officials.
The servicing and other companies are obliged to immediately take measures to restore the heating supply as soon as possible. So, according to clause 14 of Decree No. 354, they are obliged to ensure uninterrupted round-the-clock heating of premises during the heating season.
The permissible duration of a break in the provision of services is indicated in the table.
Measures to eliminate problems with heating an apartment or MKD differ depending on the situation. Among them can be listed:
If the supply of the service has not been restored, residents are at a loss as to who to contact if the heating system does not work. In such cases, the State Housing Inspectorate receives oral telephone messages and considers written consumer complaints.
The inspection will conduct its own inspection and measurements, identify the causes of interruptions and involve responsible persons in their elimination.
When the work of the inspection does not lead to the desired result, and the responsible persons are inactive, questions about heating can be asked at Rospotrebnadzor. His specialists will analyze the circumstances and help to file a complaint.
The prosecutor's office also considers the application for violations in the housing and communal services sector.
The last resort for resolving disputes is the court. To apply to the judicial authority, it is necessary to draw up a statement of claim and support it with the collected evidence.
An act confirming the low quality of heating services is the basis for recalculating the amount of payment. To change the payment amount, you should apply with the appropriate application to the Criminal Code or the HOA.
During the heating season, for every hour when the air temperature in the dwelling did not meet the standard, the amount of the fee for the space heating service is reduced. For each degree of deviation from the norm, 0.15% of the cost is calculated.
When discussing the question of whether the utility company has the right to turn down the heating, it should be remembered that any deviation from the standard must be financially compensated.
Replacement of batteries through the housing office is possible only after the expiration of the service life or in the event of a breakdown, after which their operation is impossible. Since this type of work is often referred to as a major overhaul, its start is often postponed indefinitely.
You can try to change the radiator by submitting an appropriate application to the service organization or housing office. All certificates of equipment inspections, as well as documents fixing the temperature parameters of the room, should be attached to it.
Note that the easiest way to change the battery at your own expense.
The quality of heating services is measured by the timeliness of its inclusion and compliance with temperature standards in residential premises. If the apartment is cold or the heating battery does not warm up, you should independently check the condition of the home equipment or contact the responsible organizations by phone or in writing.
For the period of providing services of inadequate quality, the consumer has the right to demand recalculation of the amount payable.
Lawyer. Member of the Chamber of Advocates of St. Petersburg. Experience more than 10 years. Graduated from St. Petersburg State University. I specialize in civil, family, housing, land law.
In the cold season, the main thing is good heating. Unfortunately, not all houses remain at a comfortable level in winter.
This applies to both multi-family housing and the private sector. Why is this situation and what to do?
By localization they distinguish three categories of possible problems, leading to low temperature of radiators and in the room:
Important! Please note that the temperature of heating radiators is not standardized in any way, only the air temperature in the room plays a role ( +18 for the middle lane, +20 for the north). If it is normal, then there is no cause for concern, even when the radiators are almost cold.
Accidents are rare and they try to quickly eliminate them. Prolonged lack of heating at sub-zero temperatures is very dangerous, so the health of the system is closely monitored. More common heat loss due to poor insulation of main pipes- as a result, the temperature of the water that has reached the consumer is less than the calculated one, hence the cold heating radiators in the apartments.
Reference. Resource-supplying organizations (or suppliers of thermal energy), which include CHPPs and boiler houses, compile a table that determines the level of heating of the coolant depending on the outside temperature. In accordance with it, their work is carried out.
The temperature of the water entering the house system drops by about by 20-30% after passing through all pipes and radiators.
The wear of the central heating system is uneven- this introduces an additional error in the operation of boiler houses, hence the temperature difference in houses even in the same area. The distance from the boiler room also matters.
Problems with radiators and pipes directly in apartments one of the most common causes of poor heating. It makes sense to consider this question in more detail.
If the radiator is cold, or warmed up unevenly, then this indicates the presence of a blockage or an air lock. Causes of air pockets:
Helps remove trapped air expansion tanks and special air vents. They are installed at the highest points of the system - on the last floors or attics. The air vents can be operated automatically or manually activated.
An example of a manual air vent is Mayevsky's crane- they are equipped with most modern radiators. This is a valve that opens by turning a special key - then excess air begins to exit the radiator, sometimes with a slight hiss. The appearance of water indicates the removal of air; a container must be prepared for it. The process is simple and you can do it yourself.
If after that the temperature of the radiator does not rise, then the problem is more serious - most likely there is a blockage. The formation of blockages is a natural process, their cause is scale and rust that appears in the off-season, when the water is drained. This is typical for radiators that have served over ten years.
Photo 1. Contaminated cast-iron heating radiator. Due to dirt, the circulation of the coolant is disturbed.
Old radiators can be returned to working condition by flushing. The radiator is dismantled and washed with acid, alkali or a special agent, sometimes with the use of professional equipment (powerful pumps). It is difficult to do everything on your own, as tools and reagents are needed. You can order the procedure from professionals, but the prices are high, so more often old radiators are thrown away or scrapped.
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First mistake - incorrectly selected level of heat transfer.
Reference. Calculate the required heat transfer of the radiator based on the volume of the room. Common consumption is: for brick Houses - 34 watts per cubic meter, for panel — 41 W. These figures are multiplied by the volume and the required heat output of the radiator is obtained.
The second common mistake is the properties of the coolant, the type of heating system and the number of floors are not taken into account Houses. Radiators by material of manufacture are divided into: aluminum, bimetallic, steel and cast iron. Steel and aluminum are more demanding on the quality of the coolant and withstand lower operating pressure than cast iron and bimetal. The working pressure is greater, the higher the number of storeys of the house.
Aggressive coolant is able to destroy a steel or aluminum radiator in a few years and lead to leakage. Therefore, it is better to buy cast iron, bimetallic or with corrosion protection, as well as set filters.
Another mistake - wrong choice of connection scheme. In houses with vertical risers - supply from top to bottom (top entry, bottom exit on one side). If the battery is connected incorrectly (for example, the inlet and outlet of the coolant is on top), it will warm up unevenly (hot on top, cold on the bottom).
To correct this shortcoming, it is necessary to connect radiators diagonally(upper inlet on one side, lower outlet on the other), then there will be more uniform heating.
Photo 2. Diagonal connection diagram for a heating radiator. Red indicates hot coolant, blue indicates cold.
When laying pipes embedded in the floor, apply horizontal scheme(entrance and exit from below from different sides).
The quality of pipes and radiators also plays a role, saving here is a big mistake - in the event of a breakthrough, you will have to make repairs (and if there are neighbors from below, then they also have) and the risk of getting burned (water in severe frosts is almost boiling water, also under pressure) . Ask for certificates and passports for radiators and other necessary equipment from sellers. Specify what operating pressure and temperature it can withstand.
The last (but not least) mistake that those who install batteries themselves make is to overestimate their capabilities. Consult with a specialist. If in doubt - hire a master, his work will cost less than a major overhaul.
Reduces temperature and increases the likelihood of air pockets. The first reason is reduction of the inner diameter of pipes and fittings, the second - insertion of equipment not provided for by the project.
The diameter may be smaller, firstly, due to the formation of rust and scale, Secondly, due to errors during installation and configuration of equipment. The first reason is difficult to deal with, you have to change the pipes. But errors with the equipment are quite amenable to correction, the main thing is to identify them in time.
Check starts with recently used and installed equipment. This is usually due to a poorly adjusted valve or an inadvertently closed valve.
A good example is the temperature of the radiator is low, and the supply pipes are hot. But blockage or plugs are not detected.
Means, control valve is to blame or pipes and other elements with a diameter less than necessary are installed.
The insertion of additional radiators increases the volume of circulating water, which leads to a decrease in the rate of its circulation through the system, since the pressure remains the same. The system needs to be adjusted and balanced. That's why installation of any additional equipment is coordinated with specialists.
So, you measured the temperature according to all the rules and it turned out to be below normal. If the cold snap in the apartment continues over 16 hours then your order of actions as the level of instances increases:
Attention! Measurements are taken twice, with an interval in 10 minutes, the thermometer is one and a half meters from the floor and one meter from the outer wall.
As a rule, by the time of contacting Rospotrebnadzor, enough officials have already been notified about the problem and the probability of its resolution is high. within the next month. No result - go with a statement to the prosecutor's office and then to the court. In the application, indicate the temperature below the standard, the date of measurement, attach the results of measurements and copies of appeals to previous authorities with their answers.
The fact of low temperature is established and recorded in the relevant acts, which means that you you are entitled to a refund for heating.
Write about this in a statement to the management company - indicate the period, attach the measurement results.
The decision will be made within 10 days.
There are several reasons why the heating system in a private house does not work well, not warming up enough room.
