Dogwood is a deciduous shrub grown for edible fruit or ornamental appearance. Dogwood fruits have a faint but attractive aroma and astringent sweet and sour taste. They make preparations for the winter and cook compotes that quench thirst in the summer heat.
Dogwood is winter-hardy to grow in the middle lane. In the botanical garden in Moscow, it has been grown since 1950 without shelter.
There is a popular sign - a large crop of dogwood berries speaks of a cold winter.
Dogwood fruits are bright red berries with an oblong bone inside. There are varieties with yellow, purple and pink fruits. The shape of the berries can be from round to pear-shaped.
Several dozen varieties of dogwood have been bred. For some, the weight of the berry reaches 30 g. For comparison, in the wild, the weight of a dogwood berry is no more than 5 grams.
Dogwood is decorative throughout the season. It blooms in early spring with clouds of golden flowers that open long before the leaves unfurl. Flowering is long - 20 days. Many bees gather on the flowers, hungry for a long winter.
With early flowering, dogwood fruits ripen late - at the end of autumn.
Dogwood must be distinguished from cotoneaster. These shrubs belong to different families. Cotoneaster is an ornamental rosaceous plant. Dogwood is a plant of the dogwood family and has no similarities with cotoneaster, except for the name.
In the wild, the plant is in the Crimea, Moldova, the Caucasus and Transcarpathia. Its second name is male deren.
Despite its southern origin, dogwood endures temperate winters and sets fruit. In the region of St. Petersburg, and even more so in the Urals, bushes require shelter for the winter. In some years, the berries do not fully ripen, so they turn sour.
In cold conditions, the dogwood does not reach the height that is characteristic of it by nature. Despite the difficulties with growing, summer residents of central Russia should not abandon the southern culture, since they have its fruits.
In the south, dogwood is planted in autumn, in the middle lane - in early spring before bud break.
Dogwood is a symbiotic culture. For normal growth, it requires a specific microflora, so the seedling must be with a closed root system. Saplings with “bare” roots, due to the lack of native microflora, lag behind in growth and development.
Dogwood is grown on light fertile soil with a pH level of 5.5-6. The culture does not tolerate stagnant moisture. For her, a bright place is chosen, from which the snow melts early in the spring. A site in a lowland, where melt water and summer precipitation accumulates, will not work.
Planting dogwood seedlings is carried out in the same way as planting other fruit crops. The soil is dug up well in autumn, weeds, especially rhizomatous ones, are removed.
The planting hole is dug in the spring. Its diameter and depth should be in accordance with the volume of the root system. It is important that the roots, when planting, are located in the soil without bends and creases.
Before planting, broken bricks or other drainage are poured into the bottom of the pit with a layer of 4-5 cm. The drainage is covered with fertile soil mixed with wood ash 1: 1. The seedling is planted so that the grafting site is at ground level. After planting, the soil is compacted and watered, then mulched with peat or humus.
Dogwood is a frost and drought-resistant shrub that does not impose special requirements on the condition of the soil. Dogwood has a lot of useful qualities and properties, for example, they are successfully treated for hemorrhoids (sorry for such details on the country site), both dried and jam from it have astringent properties and, of course, amazing taste. When we go to the Kuban by car in the summer - if the time is right, we always stop on the road and buy a bucket from grandmothers, another for drying and jam. If the climate zone allows you, then using the tips below, try to grow it in your country house.
dogwood tree planted near the border of the site, retreating from it 3-4 m. On fertile soils, the plant nutrition area should be 6 × 6 or 5 x 6 m, on poorer soils - 4 x 5 m. With dense plantings, tree crowns close by 20-25 years , poorly illuminated inside, and the fruits do not ripen at the same time. The formation of flower buds in dogwood occurs simultaneously with the growth of shoots. The laying of the next year's crop begins in May-June, and by the end of the growing season, the buds are fully formed.
For planting dogwood, the soil is prepared in advance, in summer or autumn. It is best to plant it in early spring, in late March - early April, before bud break. However, under favorable weather conditions,
plant dogwood in the fall, but no later than mid-October, 2-3 weeks before the onset of frost. Well-watered and hilled plants have time to take root, winter well and start growing immediately in early spring. To improve the growth and fruiting of dogwood, organic fertilizers are applied before planting. Planting pits are dug with a diameter of 80-100 cm and a depth of 70-80 cm. Then they are filled with good fertile soil mixed with organic and mineral fertilizers.
Humus and compost are divided into two parts, one part is mixed with the top layer of soil and mineral fertilizers and the pit is filled up to half in the form of a mound. The second part falls asleep directly to the roots when planting.
The planted plant is watered at the rate of 30-40 liters of oxen per pit trunk circles mulch. After planting, the shoots must be cut off by 1/2-1/3 to balance the aerial and root parts.
Plant care consists of removing weeds, loosening the soil, fertilizing and watering. Dogwood grows very well in slight shading, especially in the first years after planting. It is advisable to fertilize the trunk circles of young trees in autumn or spring with organic matter at the rate of 2-3 kg / m2. Mineral fertilizers are applied as follows: phosphorus (30-35 g / m2) - in the fall, nitrogen (15-20 g / m2) and potash (10-12 r / m2) - in the spring. Annual grafted dogwood seedlings must be mulched with sawdust, peat, humus or mowed grass.
Dogwood does not require special pruning for fruiting, however, crown formation must be done in the first years. Seedlings are formed with a stem 50-70 cm high and 5-7 skeletal branches. At the same time, shoots located below the planned stem height are removed. In the future, pruning of fruit-bearing plants is reduced to the removal of broken, intertwining skeletal branches and small shoots that thicken the crown. Fruit-bearing plants at the age of 15-20 years old do rejuvenating pruning, but it should be done in early spring (in the conditions of the Kuban - in March, in the south - in February or earlier), before the start of sap flow.
An effective way to propagate dogwood is by layering. It consists in stimulating root formation on the stem before it separates from the mother plant. The number of layers obtained from one plant depends on its age and habit. From one tree annually you can get 5-8 layers.
This method is the most effective, since the survival rate of the eye is 90%. The usual budding dates are from July 25 to the end of August. The technique is the same as for others fruit plants, - an eye behind the bark in a T-shaped incision or “butt”, it all depends on weather conditions. Budding "in the butt" is done without taking into account the state of the bark on the rootstock. This method makes it possible, if necessary, to extend the budding period until the end of August, and even until September. As a stock, two-year-old dogwood seedlings from seeds of cultivated varieties or wild are used. Seedlings begin to bear fruit in the 2-3rd year, while seedlings - only in the 5-7th year.
1 CUT THE BARK TO THE ROOTSTOCK
At an angle of 45 °, a cut of the bark is made 5-6 cm long. A strip of bark 2-2.5 cm long is cut off, the shield is removed.
2 PREPARE THE SHIELD
A scion with a kidney is cut out from the cutting of the scion, its length should correspond to the length of the tongue on the rootstock.
3 INSERT THE SHIELD
The shield is inserted behind the tongue of the bark "on the butt". If the tip of the shield extends beyond the cut, it is shortened.
4 TIE THE SHIELD
The grafting site is tightly tied with a film, bast, paper twine or insulating tape.
Dogwood is desirable to plant on soils of light mechanical composition, with good air and water permeability.
Well-warmed and lit areas are suitable for this culture, with a slope of 5-10 °, south and south-west directions.
Level ground water should be no closer than 1.5-2 m.
The soil must contain calcium
To stimulate the growth and development of plants, as well as other nutrients.
For good pollination of plants, it is better to plant several different varieties because they bloom at the same time.
So:
With good lighting and moisture, seedlings develop powerful roots.
For better cross-pollination, several trees are planted on the site or another variety is grafted into the crown of the plant.
Dogwood can be propagated by rooting green cuttings.
1 VLADIMIRSKY
Large-fruited and productive variety. The fruits are one-dimensional. weigh 7.5 g. Fruit attachment strength is good.
2 VYDUBITSKY
The fruits are large, weighing from 6.5 to 7.6 g. The strength of fruit attachment is good.
3 CORAL BRAND
The fruits are pink-orange, round, barrel-shaped, similar to cherry plum fruits, the average weight is 5.8-6 g.
4 LUKYANOVSKY
The fruits are large, bottle-shaped, dark red, sometimes almost black. Average weight - 6 g.
5 GENTLE
Fruiting annual, stable. The fruits are yellow, bottle-shaped.
6 FIREFLY
One of the largest varieties. The fruits are large, bottle-shaped, with a thickened neck, weighing 6.5-7.5 g.
7 SEEDS
The fruits are large, broad pear-shaped. On average, they weigh 6-6.5 g. When mature, they are cherry-dark.
8 EXOTIC
The fruits are large, cylindrical, black-red, weigh 6.8-7.3 g. They are well kept on the tree after full ripening.
9 ELEGANT
Fruits of a bottle form, with a thin neck, aligned in shape and size, weigh 4.5-5 g, cherry-black in a mature state.
10 WAVILOVETS
The fruits are large, weighing from 6 to 7.5 g, pear-shaped, red-black.
11 GRENADER
The fruits are large, with an average weight of 5-5.3 g. Fruiting is annual, stable.
12 EVGENIA
The variety ripens at the same time, does not crumble. The fruits are dark red, large, regular oval shape.
13 ELENA
The variety is winter-hardy, crumbles. The fruits are one-dimensional, weigh 5 g, dark red when fully ripe.
14 NIKOLKA
The fruits are dark red, almost black, ripen simultaneously, one-dimensional, with an average weight of 5.5-5.8 g.
15 PRIORSKY
The variety is winter-hardy. Fruiting annual, uniform, plentiful.
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For gardens near Moscow, dogwood is a rare plant. Gardeners do not trust the southern tree too much, but this attitude is erroneous. Dogwood copes with frosty winters, is unpretentious in care and is not very susceptible to diseases. But in order for this tree to become a decoration of the site, you need to choose the right variety.
Wild-growing dogwood is found in the mountain forests of the Caucasus and Crimea, in the bright sunny forests of Central, Southern Europe and North America. In the Asian part of the globe, the plant is common in Japan, China, and Asia Minor.
In the Turkic language, the name sounds like "kyzyl" and literally means "red", which coincides with the color of ripe berries.
There are many legends and signs associated with dogwood. In the East, the plant is called "devil's berry", and Christians believe that the Holy Cross is made from dogwood wood.
According to a sign, the more dogwood berries on a branch, the colder the winter will be.
Common dogwood is a deciduous tree or multi-stemmed shrub. Under natural conditions, tree-like specimens grow 5–7 m in height. In a favorable environment, there are trees 10 m high. The branches are sprawling, horizontally located. The bark is dark grey. The leaves grow opposite each other, within 8 cm long. The surface of the leaf is decorated with 3-5 pairs of arcuate veins. The top of the leaf plate is shiny, bright green in color, the underside is lighter. The flowers are bisexual, collected in inflorescences-umbrellas of 15–20 pcs. Flowering occurs in April at a temperature of 8–12 ° C, before the leaves appear.
Dogwood in the Moscow region blooms in early April for 10-15 days
The dogwood fruit is a drupe that differs in size and shape. Berries are long or short oval, pear-shaped or rounded. On average, the fetus weighs 2-6 g. The surface of the fruit is often smooth, sometimes bumpy. The color is represented by all shades of red, but there is yellow, dark purple or black. The bone is oval-elongated.
In modern dogwood varieties, the colors are not limited to the traditional red color.
Fleshy juicy pulp makes up 68–88% of the fruit's weight. The taste is sweet and sour, reminiscent of wild rose, and after the berries in the mouth there is a slight astringency. Kizil lives in one place for more than 100 years. The plant is fast-growing, but if grown from a stone, the appearance of fruits is expected in 7 years. Productivity increases with age. Twelve-year-old trees bring 25–30 kg of red berries, 25-year-old trees - up to 100 kg. And at the age of 50, a crop of 150 kg ripens on dogwood. Of the southern fruit plants, dogwood is the most frost-resistant. Cases have been recorded when trees withstood cold below 35°C. It is not frost that is dangerous for dogwood, but winter thaws and spring return frosts. The plant does not have time to restore the level of winter hardiness. In addition, rains and fogs during flowering reduce the yield.
Returning spring frosts turn into a crop failure for a tree
Dogwood is self-fertile, so you need to purchase a couple of seedlings. If there is not enough space for the normal placement of plants, a sprig of another variety is grafted into the crown of the planted one. The plant easily tolerates dry periods due to developed roots. The vertical root goes 1 m deep into the ground, and the fibrous part is located higher, 20–60 cm below the soil surface. Dogwood is highly immune; no specific diseases have been identified for it.
Despite the thermophilicity, dogwood has been growing and bearing fruit in the Moscow region for many years. In the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the plant appeared back in 1950, so the dogwood grove has 50 trees up to 3 m high. But incredulous gardeners do not risk planting dogwood in gardens, doubting their ability to survive the difficult winter conditions. And in vain, because dogwood is a picky plant that can survive in thirty-degree frosts. Even if the plant suffers in the winter, it will easily recover in the spring, as it gives a lot of root shoots.
Dogwood is easy to care for, which will allow even a novice gardener to try his hand at growing a southern berry.
So that the dogwood can quickly adapt, they withstand the planting dates and carefully choose a place for the plant.
It is preferable to plant dogwood in late September - early October. If the timing is determined by folk omens, then the procedure should be started as soon as the leaves fall from the poplar. It is impossible to delay planting, the seedling takes root for 3 weeks, and frosts are fatal. Autumn planting will allow:
In the spring, planting a dogwood should be in a hurry, because the growing season begins rapidly. It is necessary to plant a plant before the appearance of the first flowers and only in warm soil.
For dogwood, a lighted area in the southern or southwestern part of the garden with slight shading is suitable, since in nature the plant lives in light sparse forests. Light partial shade is important for young plantings. Over time, the dogwood grows and becomes sprawling, so the tree is located at a distance of 3–5 m from the boundaries of the site. In addition, dogwood is planted on the leeward side of buildings or fences. Flat areas are suitable for planting, but a slight slope of 5-10 degrees is also allowed. Neighborhood with fruit trees will not hurt dogwood, but under walnut you can not plant a plant - it will not take root. With regard to soils, dogwood is undemanding, it will grow even in heavy clay areas with hyperacidity. But the quality of the crop and the development of the tree in such conditions will suffer. Dogwood is suitable for light soils with aeration and nutrients, moderately moisture-intensive. Clay fraction and lime should be added to the ground to retain water.
Dogwood will not grow in wetlands where the water table is above 1m to the surface.
As a rule, dogwood is planted along the boundaries of the site so that the shadow from the dense crown does not cover other plants from the sun.
Only a strong and healthy seedling is able to grow, therefore, when buying planting material, it is worth evaluating a tree according to the following criteria:
Flower buds form already on two-year-old seedlings, and the plant is ready to bloom the next year after planting.
You need to buy seedlings in the fall, then the plant will take root and give strong roots in the spring.
It is extremely important to cultivate the soil and properly prepare the planting pit, given that dogwood in one place grows longer than other fruit crops. For fall planting preparatory work start in the spring. The selected site is freed from plant residues, perennial weeds are removed. Acidic soil is limed, and to improve the quality of the land, compost or manure is added at a rate of 5 kg per 1 m2. After that, the surface is leveled and harrowed to retain moisture. In the summer, they begin to prepare the landing pit.
A dogwood pit is prepared in the summer so that the applied fertilizers mix with the soil
It is not difficult to make a landing pit if you follow the following rules:
Dig a recess 80x80 cm. If the soil is prone to excessive accumulation of moisture, make the recess a little deeper, and lay drainage (broken brick or crushed stone) on the bottom.
Drive a support peg 80–100 cm high into the untouched bottom of the pit. Place it on the side where the wind blows.
When digging, set aside the upper fertile layer in one direction, and the earth raised from the depth in the other. Add organic matter and mineral fertilizers to fertile soil:
To give the soil the desired structure, it is worth pouring a bucket of water into the filled pit.
Before planting, the tree is carefully inspected, damaged branches are removed. If the roots are dry, they are dipped in water for 1-2 hours to revive, and then dipped in a clay mash for 10-15 minutes. The process of landing in the pit is simple:
Planting dogwood should be done carefully, as the fibrous roots can be damaged.
Picky dogwood will grow even a novice gardener.
Dogwood roots are able to get moisture from the soil even with occasional rainfall. Despite the dogwood's ability to endure dry periods, the plant is responsive to watering. Mature trees are more resistant to lack of water than young ones, but when fruiting, a lack of moisture will result in the drying of berries. Kidneys in the absence of water are not laid. In a thirsty plant, the leaves are folded in a boat to reduce evaporation. Young, immature trees need regular watering in the first growing season after planting. Dogwood should be watered with settled and sun-warmed water. The water consumption rate for a tree will be 2 buckets under a tree 1 or 2 times a week. Mulch should be used after watering to avoid unnecessary moisture loss.
Dogwood is sensitive to waterlogging of the soil. Spring precipitation near Moscow should be taken into account when drawing up a watering schedule.
With regard to fertilizing, the opinions of gardeners differ. Some believe that dogwood grows and bears fruit without fertilization. Other parts, on the contrary, indicate an improvement in the quality of the crop and the development of the tree after adding organic matter to the soil. Be that as it may, dogwood reacts to top dressing, both mineral and organic. Choose according to the season different types fertilizers:
On acidic soils, do not forget about lime, since calcium is needed for fruiting dogwood.
Cut the dogwood in early spring, trying not to damage the thin bark. Crown formation is carried out in the first years after planting. First, a trunk is made 50–70 cm high, removing the shoots starting from the planting level. 5-7 strong shoots are left as skeletal branches. The crown is formed in the form of a neat oval or compact pyramid.
The dogwood crown is formed oval or pyramidal for the rapid growth of branches and the ripening of berries
In the future, gardeners monitor the cleanliness of the standard zone, remove broken or dried branches in time, sometimes carrying out thinning pruning. Rejuvenate a tree 15–20 years after planting.
Cornel without problems lends itself to formation, becoming a decoration of the site. To do this, skeletal branches are tied to pegs in the right direction, and then trellises are installed and shoots are launched along them.
The process includes weeding the near-stem space. The next day after watering, the soil is loosened to prevent the formation of an earthen crust that prevents normal gas exchange. Mulching is also not neglected, which combines the functions of feeding and maintaining moisture in the roots, and also prevents the growth of weeds.
Despite frost resistance, young dogwood with immature roots must be protected in winter. After leaf fall, it is worth removing fallen leaves and a layer of old mulch. To insulate superficial absorbent roots, a layer of manure or humus up to 20 cm high is laid, collecting a mound around the trunk. Dogwood seedlings for the winter are covered with non-woven covering material. Burlap, lutrasil or agrofibre will do.
Winter in the Moscow region is moderately cold with stable snow cover. If a snowdrift is formed around the dogwood, this will serve as a natural protection for the roots.
This covering material is breathable, but protects the plant from frost.
Dogwood, which has good health, rarely suffers from diseases and pests. But an attentive gardener should periodically check the condition of the trunk, branches and leaves, so as not to miss initial stage developing infection or the appearance of insects.
Thanks to breeding work, many varieties of dogwood have appeared that grow in the conditions of the Moscow region. These are trees with an early and medium ripening period, which fits into the particular weather conditions of the region. A seedling brought from the south will not take root in the new conditions, but zoned varieties will yield:
Thanks to the work of breeders, dogwood takes root and bears fruit in regions with severe winters. For the cold weather near Moscow, the following varieties are bred:
Dogwood is a useful berry, which is not difficult to grow in a garden near Moscow. With minimal care in the fall, the tree will delight you with a harvest of berries with an unforgettable taste.
Dogwood is not often found in our area. But since this plant has unsurpassed beneficial properties, it is worth considering starting to grow it in a summer cottage.
Planting a dogwood and subsequent care for it is an absolutely not complicated procedure, which even a novice gardener can do. This shrub is unpretentious, and at the same time it has delicious berries.
dogwood prefers warm climate Caucasus and Transcaucasia, where it grows in mountain forests, on sunny edges, as well as in thickets of other shrubs. In addition, it grows on the territory of Ukraine, Crimea, Central and Southern Europe, as well as in Western Asia. On the territory of Russia, dogwood is successfully cultivated in various regions - the Moscow region, Krasnodar Territory and other regions.
The beginning of flowering of an ordinary dogwood falls on March, and the end - in April. The fruits ripen closer to the middle of autumn, depending on the region of growth. When the fruits are ripe, they begin to fall from the bush. The ripeness of dogwood fruits can also be determined by taste. The crop is harvested every year in September, and the roots - at the end of November.
Freshly picked dogwood berries
For long-term storage berries at home they are cut off as they begin to ripen. The fruits are placed in small baskets where they ripen., and then stored at a temperature of 0 - +2 C.
pleasant, sweet and sour in taste with a specific aroma, dogwood fruits are often consumed fresh, a experienced housewives they rush to buy dogwood to make delicious jams, jellies, jams, juices, compotes, marmalades, or simply cover the fruits with sugar and store. Berries can also be stored by freezing.
Raw dogwood berries are stored in a refrigerator (in a plastic bag with holes) for no more than 12 days.
You can propagate dogwood with the help of a bone, i.e. germinate it. To do this, take ripe berries, free the bone from the pulp and place in boxes with wet sawdust or moss for one year, regularly maintaining a humid environment. In this way, the seeds are stratified before they are planted. The stone of this plant is not divided into cotyledons. In this regard, it should be placed in the ground no deeper than 3 cm. Unstratified bones germinate only after 2 years, while not all. Germinated seeds germinate in the year they are sown.
germinated dogwood seed
Taking care of the seeds is simple: watering, fertilizing, shading from hot sunlight at the beginning of growth. During the first year, seedlings grow up to 3-4 cm, by the end of the second - up to 10-15 cm.. Dogwood berries grown from seeds are harvested 7-10 years after sowing.
Varietal properties dogwood, like all fruit plants, retains at vegetative propagation. Dogwood can be propagated by grafting, green cuttings and transplants. Most effective method - reproduction by budding, the survival rate of the eyes is 92-97%
The best period for planting shrubs on open ground in the southern regions is autumn. It is not difficult to determine the time for planting a dogwood - as soon as the poplar leaves begin to fall. It is recommended to plant this plant in the fall, because during spring planting it has to be planted in a rather short time: between the time the soil warms up and the period when the buds of the shrub begin to bloom.
In autumn, dogwood is planted no later than mid-October, 2-3 weeks before the onset of frost. Well-watered and hilled shrubs have time to take root, tolerate winter well and begin to grow rapidly in early spring.
Autumn planting has a number of advantages:
The soil for growing ready-made dogwood seedlings should be prepared in the summer
Autumn planting also has certain disadvantages.:
Sometimes freshly picked dogwood berries with pericarp are planted in August. Germination in this case is 70-80% after 1.5 years from the date of sowing.
During landing, you must follow certain rules:
Below is detailed description dogwood planting process garden plot.
During the acquisition of seed, attention should be focused on the root: the more powerful it is, the faster the plant will develop. Weak, weathered, thin roots with obvious signs of soreness should be treated with caution. You need to purchase powerful seedlings with 2-3 root branches of at least 30 cm in length. The bark on the trunk should be intact, and the branches intact.
To fully verify the viability of the plant you like, you need to slightly incise the bark. If the incision is green means the right choice if brown- you will have to continue the search for a suitable dogwood.
Before planting dogwood seedlings, they should be placed in water for several days.
The rhizome of the seedling should be well moistened. In the case of long-term transportation, it is wrapped with wet material and placed in a plastic bag. If the roots have dried up during the transportation period, they should be placed in water for several days before planting.. If after the purchase it is not possible to immediately plant a seedling, it is added dropwise at an angle in a shaded place. It is important here that the earth covers all the roots, as well as half of the seed. A plentifully watered plant in this form can be stored for a month.
What is the best place in the country for growing dogwood? Any site is suitable for an unpretentious dogwood. To harvest good crops, the soil must be saturated with fertilizers, drained, moist and alkaline..
To check the acidity of the soil, you need to drop 2 drops of table vinegar on a handful of earth. In an alkaline environment, small bubbles appear, indicating the required amount of lime.
Dogwood does not take root on swampy soils. In addition, clay areas and poorly lit areas should be avoided. For the first 5 years of growing this shrub, partial shade is perfect.. Then the dogwood can be transplanted to a sufficiently lit area of the garden. To save space, it is advised to plant a shrub between old trees, which, with their shadow, will protect its root system from drying out. Dogwood gets along with each of the fruit plants, the only exception is the walnut.
Dogwood planting rules
To properly plant a dogwood, you must follow the following steps:
Dogwood does not need special care. The main thing is to constantly water it for one year from the time of planting. Watering is carried out 2 times a week. To prevent water from spreading over the territory, it is worth making a furrow around the seedling.
In the first growing year, you need to monitor the condition of the leaves. If they begin to dry out and curl, this indicates that the plant does not have enough moisture. Also during the first 3 years, gardeners need to monitor the cleanliness of the soil near the dogwood. Weeds growing at a distance of 1 m from the plant should be disposed of.
To ensure improved air exchange of the layer in which the roots of the plant are located, it is necessary to periodically loosen the soil with a depth of about 10 cm. To make it more convenient to engage in this process, it is necessary to loosen the next day after watering.
For high yields, the shrub is fertilized several times during the year. It is believed that during the growing season dogwood needs nitrogen-phosphorus supplements, and in the autumn season - potassium.
Some gardeners alternately add humus and compost, or every year at the beginning of the summer period they pour water with chicken manure under the plants in a ratio of 10: 1. Others make fertilizers from 0.03 kg of ammonium nitrate and one bucket of humus. At the end of August, 0.5 liters of wood ash is poured under an adult plant. And at the end of the harvest, it is desirable to add 0.1 kg of superphosphates. However, lime is recognized as the most important fertilizer. Thanks to it, potassium is present in the soil, which affects the future number of fruits.
When caring for dogwood importance has regular tillage. It is carried out annually at least 6-7 times, regardless of the age and fruitfulness of the shrub. They start processing in the spring, and end in the fall, after collecting all the fruits. The final stage of loosening the soil around the plant is its mulching.
If there is a need to transplant a plant from one area to another, the method of propagation by dividing the bush is used.
For one year, this method can be used in early spring or late autumn. The plant is removed from the soil and freed from old branches. The root is cleaned of soil, and the bush is cut into several parts.. The roots are trimmed, the old processes are removed. After that, the individual parts are planted in prepared holes.
Ordinary dogwood is a long-liver. It can bring magnificent harvests for 100 years.. Therefore, if you plant a dogwood, it will delight more than one generation with its tasty and healthy berries.
For a long time, dogwood was not a very popular crop among gardeners in the Moscow region. Many perceived it only as a southern, heat-loving plant. But thanks to its good frost resistance and unpretentiousness, it gradually took its rightful place among other fruit crops.
What varieties are suitable for the region?
Dogwood - a low deciduous tree or shrub with sweet and sour fruits, often red, inside which there is an oblong bone. Cornel blossoms from late March to mid-April. The fruits ripen at the end of summer or autumn. Harvest time depends on the variety.
Wild-growing dogwood is found in Asia, southern Europe, and the Caucasus. On the household plots cultivated varieties are more often grown, the fruits of which are distinguished by their large size, bright color and more pronounced taste.
For a long time it was believed that dogwood is intended for regions with a mild climate. But today there are many cases when dogwood was successfully grown and fruited in the Moscow region. Despite the fact that this is a southern culture, it easily tolerates frosts down to -30 C. Even if the plant has been badly damaged by frost, it recovers well, “departs” from the root.
There are a large number of varieties and varieties of dogwood. Only some of them are recommended for cultivation in the Moscow region:
Almost all dogwood varieties are characterized by high resistance to low temperatures and drought.
The difficulty of growing dogwood in the Moscow region is associated with the early flowering of the plant, when the spring weather in the region has not yet been established. Prolonged spring frosts can ruin the crop. In addition, in early spring, pollinating insects may not yet move away from hibernation.
Features of planting and care
The agrotechnics of dogwood, planting and caring for it in the Moscow region is not much different from growing this crop in other regions. Dogwood is an unpretentious plant. It adapts to any conditions and any soil.
Grows best in clayey, lime-rich, well-drained soil. Loves the sun, but belongs to shade-tolerant crops.
Plant dogwood in the Moscow region better in autumn. For planting, experts advise choosing 1-2 year old seedlings, on which lateral shoots have already been formed.
Planting seedlings is carried out as follows:
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NO hazardous chemicals. And all that is needed for this is to apply biofertilizer to the soil 2-3 times per season.
Watering and pruning
Dogwood has a massive root system located on the surface. This allows the plant to absorb even slight summer rainfall. Young dogwood requires abundant watering, but as it ages it becomes drought tolerant. When an adult plant lacks moisture, its leaves curl up like a boat. This reduces the evaporating surface and keeps most of the liquid inside.
Dogwood can be grown as a shrub or as a tree. Forming it as a tree involves regular pruning of shoots that appear below 50–70 cm. A formed tree or shrub needs only sanitary pruning of frozen, damaged or intertwined branches. For plants that have reached the age of 20, it is desirable to carry out anti-aging pruning. It is made in early spring, before the onset of sap flow. Pruning does not affect the yield of dogwood.
top dressing
Dogwood, although an unpretentious plant, is recommended to be fed for better fruiting. Under mature trees and shrubs, fertilizers are applied several times a year:
It is better to mulch the soil after fertilization.
Pest and disease control
Dogwood is very rarely exposed to diseases and pest attacks. But sometimes in the middle of summer, yellow or brown spots appear on its leaves, weakening photosynthesis. They arise due to the defeat of fungal diseases.
To prevent the spread of the disease throughout the plant, it is necessary:
For the purpose of prevention, trees growing nearby can be treated.
reproduction
Dogwood is propagated in several ways:
In specialized nurseries, they often use the method of rooting cuttings in special installations with constant temperature and humidity control. But using this method at home is almost impossible.
Dogwood is a long-liver. Even in the climatic conditions of the Moscow region, with minimal care, it is able to bear fruit for more than 100 years.
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The inhabitants of the middle lane know little about this wonderful berry; the planting of dogwood is mostly familiar to the inhabitants of the southern regions. In the Crimea and the Caucasus, sweet and sour fruits are used to make jams and jams, they are added to many national dishes. The plant is valued not only for useful fruits but also for very durable wood. Depending on the preferences of the gardener, cultivation can be carried out in the form of both a tree and a bush.
Dogwood is unpretentious, it does not require complex care. In the southern regions, wild varieties form huge thickets, and the berries taste no worse than cultivated varieties. Frost is not terrible for a hardy tree, only temperatures below -30⁰ can damage its branches. If such phenomena are short-lived, young shoots can be covered, and they will overwinter well. Unlike fruit trees that produce good yields once every 2 years, the dogwood does not need rest, it bears fruit every season. Why is such a wonderful plant unpopular with summer residents in the middle lane and in the north?
The vegetation period of dogwood is about 250 days, and it blooms very early. Spring frosts in cold regions can destroy the ovaries, but even if the owners manage to save them, the fruits often do not have time to ripen. Breeders are working on a solution to this problem; species with early berry ripening have already been bred. Planting and growing zoned varieties often brings rich harvests.
Common dogwood blooms when it is still cool outside, the temperature is about +12⁰. In such weather, bees cannot pollinate flowers. To allow the wind to carry pollen from one plant to another, plant at least 2 trees close to each other in the area. Some gardeners believe that the shrub can pollinate itself. Maybe, but the harvest will be very poor. But if you plant a bush of a different variety nearby and provide them with good care, almost all flowers will turn into berries.
If it is impossible to find a place for another tree on the site, plant 2 seedlings of different varieties in one hole. Intertwine the trunks, and they will develop as one bush and pollinate each other.
Dogwood is very fond of soils rich in lime, with a neutral or alkaline reaction. It is desirable that manganese be present in the soil, otherwise it must be applied during top dressing, this element is necessary for dogwood. He does not tolerate groundwater, their depth should be at least 1.5 m. In low areas, you need to make good drainage, and sometimes even arrange a bulk hill.
The shrub does not like crowding, it needs that there are no fences, buildings, other trees or tall shrubs within a radius of 4-5 m. Common dogwood is a long-liver, it grows in one place up to 100 years. Over time, the crown increases in diameter, new fruit-bearing shoots appear. If the planting is too tight, the crown will begin to narrow and the yield will decrease.
The plant develops well in partial shade, but in the complete absence of sunlight, the harvest will be poor. It is advisable to plant a shrub to the north of a tall tree. On a hot afternoon, the foliage will protect the dogwood from the scorching rays, and in the morning and evening it will receive good lighting. If the entire south side is open, you can install tall poles with a clothesline or other temporary structure.
Ready-made seedlings can be purchased from nurseries. Two-year-old trees about 1.5 m high take root well. They should have a fairly thick trunk - at least 2 cm in diameter - and 5 main branches. It is advisable to purchase varieties bred in your area, they will not have to adapt to new conditions.
If you prefer planting from self-harvested material, you can use one of the methods:
For residents of the northern regions, where breeding dogwood varieties die from frost, the only way to grow this shrub is to plant seeds. Take seeds from fruits of different varieties, sow them and see how the plants survive. All varietal qualities with this method of reproduction, dogwood will not save, even trees with different properties can develop from berries from one bush. For several years, watch how the bushes endure the winter, what kind of harvest they give, and leave the best specimens. From them you can take cuttings and layering for further propagation.
If you want dogwood seeds to germinate quickly, hold them in a 2% sulfuric acid solution for 3 days, and then sow them in wet sand, keep in a warm place and make sure that the soil surface does not dry out. The grains will begin to hatch after 3 months.
Low branches in the spring can be pressed to the ground and sprinkled with soil. Make small trenches in the soil and place year-old shoots in them. Cut off the top so that the main forces go to the formation of roots. If provide proper care, by the fall the shoot will take root. Cut it off the main bush and you have a seedling ready for planting.
Often around the bush you can see new shoots growing from the roots. You can dig up a branch with a fragment of the underground part and transplant it to a new place. Such a planting is not suitable for grafted plants: if a wild bush was taken for a rootstock, then the offspring will be wild.
You can divide an adult bush into parts, but each fragment must have a good root system and a strong above-ground part. This work can be carried out either in early spring or in autumn before frost.
Another way is to plant green cuttings from adult bushes.
If strong wood has already formed inside the shoot, the cutting will not take root.
Cut twigs 10-15 cm long with two pairs of leaves. Remove the bottom pair and treat the cut with a root growth stimulator. Stick the shoots into the ground, sprinkled with a thick layer of clean sand and equip a shelter from the film. 2-3 weeks before rooting, keep plantings at a temperature of about + 25⁰ and protect from bright sun. The soil must be constantly moistened. When the seedlings take root, feed them with ammonium nitrate. The following autumn, young plants can be relocated to a permanent place.
If you want, you can grow seedlings from seeds. Perhaps they will make a productive tree or a good stock for budding. Grains require a long stratification, they need to be kept in the refrigerator for almost a year. When sowing, keep in mind that the stone does not open, it appears small hole, through which a weak sprout comes out. If you bury the seeds deeper than 3 cm, seedlings may not break through. Shoots grow very slowly, they need care, and the tree will begin to bear fruit only after 7 years. Dogwood loves to surprise gardeners. If ripe fruits germinate for more than a year, then sprouts may appear in unripe seeds in 6 months.
Wild dogwood seeds can be used to grow a good rootstock for a varietal bush. Sow many different seeds, the sprouts will not take up much space on the site, but you can choose the strongest and hardiest seedling. At the age of 2 years, when the bush takes root well after transplantation, it can be grafted. In the middle of summer, cut off a bud with bark and a small layer of wood from a plant you like. On the rootstock, a cross-shaped incision is made horizontally and vertically. A scion is inserted into a vertical slot and fixed with a special tape or tape.
All shoots below the grafting site on the rootstock must be cut off. Make sure that the plant does not release new wild branches. After a month, the fixing tape must be removed. Grow the bush in the usual way. Next spring, new shoots will appear from the bud, and after 2 years you will taste the first fruits.
If you want to grow different varieties of dogwood, and there is only enough space on the site for 2 bushes, graft each tree with several buds of different varieties.
When growing fruit trees, grafting of young shoots is often used, but even here the dogwood shows its individuality. In early spring, before the start of the growing season, you can try to plant a cutting. This method rarely gives results, despite careful care, the shoots do not grow well. If, with skillful budding, up to 70% of the kidneys take root, then a successful vaccination is no more than 20%.
Dogwood should be planted in the fall. Each region has its own time when this work should be started. Folk wisdom recommends: the most productive planting happens at a time when the poplar began to shed its leaves. In the spring in the middle lane it is very difficult to guess the time needed for planting: the period when the soil is already warming up, and the buds have not yet begun to bloom.
Dig holes with a depth and diameter of 80 cm at a distance of about 5 m from one another. Drive a stake into the ground from the side of the prevailing winds, it will hold the tree in windy weather. Set the seedling behind the stake and bury it so that the root collar is a few centimeters above ground level. After watering and rains, the soil will settle, and it will take the desired position. First, pour fertile soil from the top layer into the pit so that the roots take root in a nutrient medium. Spill the soil well with water and tie the trunk to a peg. After a heavy downpour, make sure that the depth is calculated correctly: if the planting is high and the root neck is above the surface of the earth, the bush will develop poorly, and when deepened, it will give many root offspring, which will make it difficult to care for the plant.
Some gardeners believe that a seedling needs to shorten all the branches by a third, others do not, and the tree takes root well. What to do is up to you, you can cut the shoots on one bush, but not on the other and see how it is better. Do not forget that each site has its own soil, its own microclimate, and therefore crops are grown according to different schemes. Any recommendations need to be tested in practice, each owner should have individual experience and knowledge about what kind of care his pets need.
Caring for dogwoods is easy, but you can make the job even easier by covering the ground around the trunk with a thick layer of mulch after planting. Make sure that the root neck is not covered, it must be in the air. Weeds will not break through compost or mowed grass, the earth there will always be loose and wet. Dogwood roots are mainly located in the topsoil. In dry weather, you need to water the bushes, but it is better to organize a drip irrigation system.
From May to autumn, the shrub works hard: energy is spent both on the formation of fruits and on the cultivation of young shoots. In order for these processes to take place correctly, the plant needs a sufficient amount nutrients. Until mid-summer, apply fertilizers with a predominance of nitrogen and phosphorus, and potassium is needed in the second half of the season. In nature, dogwood prefers calcareous soils because without calcium, growth and fruit formation are impossible. If this component is not in the soil of your site, add it to top dressing.
Frequent pruning is not needed. Before the start of the growing season, only diseased dry and broken branches should be cut so that they do not become a source of infection. To give shape to a young plant, leave a low, about half a meter, stem and 5 skeletal branches. To rejuvenate plants over 20 years old, prune branches that are 4 years old. In their place, new fruiting shoots will appear. The tree tolerates shearing well, and if you want to use it as an ornamental plant, you can give the crown an unusual shape.
Dogwood is resistant to diseases and pests, and proper care will make the bush even stronger. Still, do not forget to inspect the plant from time to time in order to notice problems in time.
Dogwood can be grown and harvested not only in the south, but also in the northern regions. If you provide the plant with proper care, it will bear fruit up to 100 years. You can leave one trunk and grow the dogwood as a tree, or leave the lower shoots uncut and get a shrub.
In order for the dogwood to develop well and bear fruit, you need to choose the right varieties and planting method. Growing from seeds is a laborious task, but sometimes only this method is possible in the northern area. Good results gives budding: on a winter-hardy rootstock, you can try to grow shoots of tender varieties.
Dogwood is tenacious and unpretentious, it will endure any conditions. Does the plant need care? If you want to eat berries in sufficient quantities, do not forget about watering and top dressing. You can leave the bush completely unattended, but it will not give good harvests. Love your green pets, and your site will always be beautiful and productive.
In comparison with other fruit plants, dogwood is undemanding both to the mechanical composition of the soil and to its fertility.
However, a sufficient amount of fleshy, juicy and tasty fruits can only be obtained with proper care and proper planting.
Dogwood is a frost- and drought-resistant shrub that does not impose special requirements on the condition of the soil.
On household plots and summer cottages this culture is planted near the border of the site, retreating from it 3-4 m.
On fertile soils, the feeding area of dogwood plants should be 6x6 or 5x6 m, on poorer soils - 4x5 m.
In case of insufficient feeding area on good soils tree crowns close up by the age of 20-25, are poorly lit inside and the fruits do not ripen at the same time.
The formation of flower buds in dogwood occurs simultaneously with the growth of shoots and fruits. The laying of the next year's crop begins in May-June, and by the end of the growing season, the buds are fully formed.
1. Dogwood is preferably planted on soils of light mechanical composition, with good air and water permeability.
2. Well-warmed and lit areas are suitable for this culture, with a slope of 5-10º, south and south-west directions.
3. The groundwater level should be no closer than 1.5-2 m.
4. Calcium must be present in the soil - to stimulate the growth and development of plants, as well as other nutrients.
5. For good cross-pollination of dogwood plants, it is better to plant several different varieties, as they bloom at the same time.
For planting dogwood, the soil is prepared in advance, in summer or autumn. It is best to plant it in early spring, in late March - early April, before bud break.
However, under favorable weather conditions, dogwood can also be planted in the fall, but no later than mid-October, 2-3 weeks before the onset of frost. Well-watered and hilled plants have time to take root, winter well and start growing immediately in early spring. To improve the growth and fruiting of dogwood, organic fertilizers are applied before planting.
Planting holes are dug with a diameter of 80-100 and a depth of 70-80 cm. Then they are filled with good fertile soil mixed with organic and mineral fertilizers.
Humus and compost are divided into two parts, one part is mixed with the top layer of soil and mineral fertilizers and the pit is filled up to half in the form of a mound. The second part falls asleep directly to the roots when planting.
The planted plant is watered at the rate of 30-40 liters of water per pit, the tree trunks are mulched. After planting, the shoots must be cut off by 1/2-1/3 to balance the aerial and root parts.
Plant care consists of removing weeds, loosening the soil, fertilizing and watering. Dogwood grows very well in slight shading, especially in the first years after planting.
It is advisable to fertilize the trunk circles of young trees in autumn or spring with organic matter at the rate of 2-3 kg / m2. Mineral fertilizers are applied as follows: phosphorus (30-35 g/m2) - in autumn, nitrogen (15-20 g/m2) and potash (10-12 g/m2) - in spring.
Annual grafted dogwood seedlings must be mulched with sawdust, peat, humus or mowed grass.
Dogwood does not require special pruning for fruiting, however, crown formation must be done in the first years. Seedlings are formed with a stem 50-70 cm high and 5-7 skeletal branches.
At the same time, shoots located below the planned stem height are removed. In the future, pruning fruit-bearing plants is reduced to the removal of broken, intertwining skeletal branches and small shoots that thicken the crown.
In fruit-bearing plants at the age of 15-20 years, rejuvenating pruning is done, but it must be done in early spring (in Kyiv - in March, in the south - in February or earlier), before the start of sap flow.
This method is the most effective, since the survival rate of the eyes is 85-90%. The usual dates for budding are from July 25 to the end of August.
The technique is the same as for other fruit plants - an eye behind the bark in a T-shaped incision or "butt", it all depends on weather conditions.
Budding "in the butt" is done without taking into account the state of the bark on the rootstock. This method makes it possible, if necessary, to extend the budding period until the end of August, and even until September.
A cross-section is made in the lower part of the stock, grabbing a narrow strip of bark and wood. A scion shield with a kidney of the same size is applied to this place, and the vaccination site is tied.
As a stock, two-year-old dogwood seedlings from seeds of cultivated varieties or wild are used. Seedlings begin to bear fruit in the 2-3rd year, while seedlings - only in the 5-7th year.
Dogwood is a perennial tree-like shrub that is grown not only in the south, but closer to the north of Russia. The prevalence of this culture is understandable. Eating berries and infusions from them normalizes high blood pressure, strengthens the walls of blood vessels and improves digestion.
Dogwood is a plant distributed mainly in the southern part of Russia - in the Crimea and the Caucasus, although new varieties also grow in the northern regions. They are resistant to frost and withstand temperatures down to -30°C. In colder winters, the ends of the branches may freeze near the shrub.
Dogwood - a tall tree-like long-lived shrub
For landing, you need to choose a bright and spacious place where there will be at least 5 meters to the nearest source of shade. But if it is very hot in the region in summer, then it is better for the shrub to provide partial shade by planting it among the trees.
Groundwater must be deeper than 1.5 meters. The soil is calcareous, and although dogwood will also grow on acidic soil, this will not affect its development for the better.
Another feature of planting is the number of bushes. Since the dogwood blossoms very early, at an air temperature of +12°C, and the bees do not yet fly at this time, pollination occurs crosswise, by the wind. In order for the berries to be better tied, you need to have 2-3 bushes on the site, at a distance of 3-5 m.
Dogwood blooms early, when the bees are not yet flying, so it is pollinated by the wind
In any climatic conditions, six months before planting, they dig a place under a bush to a depth of 50–60 cm, choosing the roots of perennial weeds, especially wheatgrass and bindweed. Apply organic and mineral fertilizers. About 6 kg of manure is enough for 1 m 2. Green manure is planted in the fall: peas, winter cereals, and in the spring - vetch or phacelia, followed by embedding the green mass in the soil.
It is preferable to plant dogwood before the first frost.
Be sure to prepare from autumn landing pit. Then, by spring, the earth will settle and be saturated with spring waters. After winter, the plant wakes up early enough, and it needs to be planted before the buds open. In the southern regions this is mid-February, in Central Russia - the first half of March.
Two-year-old seedlings take root well, 1–1.5 m high, with a bole diameter of about 2 cm. They should have 3–5 skeletal branches and a well-developed root system. It is better to choose seedlings with a clod of earth where they grew before.
Dogwood seedlings are best taken at the age of two, from a nursery in your area
In hot climates, dogwood is best planted in the partial shade of tall trees. Each bush should have an area of \u200b\u200b4 * 4-6 * 6 m. More frequent planting will make it difficult to process plants, collect fruits and pollinate.
In the southern regions, dogwood is best grown in partial shade of tall trees.
For dogwood propagation, planting with seedlings is most often used, which bear fruit already for 2-3 years. For comparison, bushes grown from seed form an ovary only for 8-10 years, in addition, they do not always retain the properties of the parent tree. There are other, vegetative ways of propagating dogwood: layering, grafting, green cuttings.
Sometimes it is not possible to plant several dogwood varieties side by side for cross-pollination. Then 2-3 seedlings of various varieties are placed in one pit. This is done in the usual way, then the trunks are intertwined. So on the bush there will be branches of various varieties that are perfectly pollinated. Sometimes an iron stake is placed between the seedlings, braiding it with trunks.
Dogwood is planted with a stone to breed new varieties. You will see seedlings in about 800 days, that is, only in the second year.
Wild dogwood species are propagated by seed, on seedlings of which cultivars are then grafted
It is noticed that seeds from unripe fruits germinate after 6-7 months. The method of accelerated cultivation of dogwood was proposed by Svetlana Nikolaevna Litvinenko. She peeled the berries, took out the seeds and treated them with a 2% solution of sulfuric acid for three days. After such a procedure, they were sown in a box with sand to a depth of 2-3 cm and constantly moistened for six months. By spring, the first shoots appeared. Of course, it was not 100%, but they sprouted quickly.
Further care for seedlings is usual: do not allow drying out, shade from hot summer rays, periodically weed weeds, mulch the soil. In the first year, seedlings will grow only 4 cm from ground level. By the second year by 15 cm, then they can be transplanted to a permanent place.
Most often, wild species of dogwood are grown by seed, on the seedlings of which cultivars are then grafted.
Dogwood reproduces well by green cuttings, which are cut at the end of July from 5-6-year-old bushes and older. It is important to take a new shoot at least 15 cm long.
Small shoots of dogwood sometimes have to be replanted. Of course, it will not work to transplant an old tree without consequences, but it is quite possible to divide a young plant and at the same time relocate to a new place. It is best to transplant and divide the bush in the fall, 1 month before frost, while the soil is still warm and soft. They carefully dig it up, trying to save maximum amount roots. Since the root system of the dogwood lies at a depth of about 40 cm, it is not very difficult to transplant it. All old branches and roots are cut off from the plant, leaving good and healthy ones; a large bush can be cut into 2-3 parts. They are planted in the same way as a regular seedling.
Many vacationers in the Crimea fall in love with this berry and want to grow it on their plots throughout Russia and neighboring countries. To do this, more and more new varieties are being developed that are able to bear fruit even in Siberia.
In Volgograd and at its latitude, dogwood takes root well and bears fruit regularly, although there is a risk of freezing of shoots during spring cold weather. Therefore, it is better to grow it in a bush form, and not as a tree, so that in the early years it can be sheltered from frost.
The Volgograd dogwood variety grows in a bush up to 3 meters in height, ripens in August
Variety Volgogradsky grows in compact bushes with erect shoots. The leaves are ovate, pointed, the flowers are bright yellow, in bunches, the fruits are cherry-colored, elongated oval. The flowering period of dogwood is April, ripening - August-September. Productivity is high, disease resistant.
By trimming the shrub, you can create decorative forms and diversify the landscape of the site.
Closer to the north, in a heat-loving crop, which is dogwood, shoots often freeze out according to the level of snow, and due to early flowering, it is not pollinated enough by bees. For cultivation in the central regions, zoned varieties are suitable:
Dogwood berries ripen for a long time, so for central Russia it is better to purchase early-ripening varieties.
In the middle lane and in Siberia, the dogwood varieties zoned here will take root better.
When planting dogwood in Siberia, you should choose the lightest areas, without a shadow. In the local conditions, it is better to grow it in slate form. In the spring, low branches are bent to the ground and sprinkled with soil. Small trenches are made in the soil and one-year-old shoots are placed in them. The top is cut off so that the main forces go to the formation of roots. By autumn, the shoot will take root. Separate it from the main bush, and you will have a seedling ready for planting. This method allows the plant to bloom immediately after the snow melts: in late April-early May.
It takes about 100 more days for the fruits to ripen, only in September the berries begin to pour, and often they simply do not ripen due to the onset of cold weather.
Growing dogwood in slate form will protect the plant from freezing shoots
Another option for growing a frost-resistant plant is planting seedlings from seeds. The dogwood planted in this way blooms only after 8–10 years, then the fruits that have started on the bush must be collected and sown again. The second generation of dogwood will already be more resistant to frost than the first. Then you can sow the seeds obtained from the berries of the second generation of dogwood, and grow bushes even more adapted to frost. From them, you can take cuttings and layering for further reproduction.
That is how the dogwood garden of Vladimir Vasilievich Nikolaev appeared in the Moscow region. He solved the problem with bees simply: he set up a beehive in a warmed attic, and in early spring the shrub was pollinated.
The alkaline soils of the south of Ukraine are very suitable for growing cornelian cherry, and thanks to multiple re-sowing, the shrub bears fruit perfectly throughout the country. Near the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra there are wild old plants that are more than 100 years old.
The only problem for growing dogwood in the country is planting material, since not every nursery sells seedlings. Grafting a plant is no more difficult than that of an apple or pear tree.
The best varieties for growing in Ukraine are:
Kizil Lukyanovsky is considered one of the the best varieties- due to the high yield and taste of berries. Dogwood berries of the Gentle variety have very sweet pulp and a strong aroma 
The fruits of the dogwood of the Coral variety resemble cherry plum The berries of the Amber variety can ripen at home after being harvested in August
Dogwood is a healthy berry worth growing in any garden. The heat-loving shrub has spread widely in the southern regions, but is gradually conquering more northern gardens.
