During the construction of buildings, wooden structural elements are often connected with nails. However, this procedure requires a lot of strength, as well as the presence of certain skills. To make work much easier and faster, you should use more modern method, in which, when connecting, special fasteners are used for wooden structures made from metal. With the help of these details, even a person who does not have much experience in construction will be able to erect a building without the help of professionals.
Fasteners for wooden structures are an element with a specific purpose, having a different configuration and dimensions. These parts are made of high quality galvanized steel sheet with holes for bolts or nails. In the manufacture of fasteners, this material is used, since it has high strength, resistance to moisture. Products made from it are not subject to corrosion, have a fairly long service life.
Metal elements that fasten wooden structures must be manufactured in the factory. Only they can ensure the quality and strength of the connections. Today, manufacturers offer a wide range of different fasteners. The main thing is to choose the right type for a specific type of work.
There are two types of parts: lamellar and shaped. Fasteners for wooden structures of each type are made in different sizes. This allows it to be used in buildings with various parameters.
Perforated fasteners for wooden structures contain holes designed for bolts or nails. It is able to perform a reliable and durable connection of several elements located at the required angle in the same plane. Mounting plates are attached to the node from two sides. They are used in cosmetic and major repairs, fastening of facade elements, construction of the roof of a building.
Toothed metal plates are made by punching galvanized steel sheets. They are used in the same place as perforated devices, but their installation is carried out mainly in industrial conditions. Fastening with the help of such plates is carried out by indentation. This technology allows you to create absolutely identical designs of any complexity. To ensure a reliable and durable connection, nail fasteners must not be hammered. Therefore, this type of use directly on the construction site is inefficient.
Rafter-beam fastenings are designed for perpendicular ones that rely on each other. They are also used in the installation of transverse parts.
They are used in fastening horizontal load-bearing elements with nails or bolts to different parts of the structure at a right angle. Produce them various sizes.
The sliding connection of the rafters is intended for the construction of houses from a log or timber when arranging inclined parts.
Metal fasteners for wooden structures are very profitable and effective in use, as they have a lot of advantages. The main thing is that it helps to reduce carpentry work, as well as speed up the entire construction process.
Fasteners for wooden structures in the form of shaped or flat elements when mounted in nodal joints require certain conditions to be met:
Do you need beam fasteners for wooden structures? The catalog of these products in hardware stores usually consists of the following models:
In the construction market, types of fasteners for rafters with the following markings are in demand:
Some parts of the buildings, which are subjected to the greatest load during operation, require installation with reinforced elements. For example:
If you need to purchase fasteners for wooden structures, its price will depend on the type of product, size, shape and features. So that you can roughly imagine how much a set of parts will cost, we give the estimated cost of their most commonly used types:
The use of specially manufactured fasteners in the construction of wooden parts of the building can reduce the cost of purchasing raw materials, as well as significantly simplify and speed up the installation process. After weighing all the pros and cons, we can conclude that the application metal fasteners during construction, it is quite cost-effective, the financial costs of them are fully justified.
Modern fasteners
In the last decade, new building technologies have come to us from abroad, and along with them, modern building, facing and insulating materials. Unfortunately, much less is known about modern fasteners in our country.
Designed for fastening to any building structures made of concrete and brick - solid and hollow (from hollow brick to hollow blocks of aerated concrete). The fasteners include a dowel and a screw for wood or chipboard.
It is used for fastening light elements - lamps, shelves, skirting boards, switches, cornices, hangers, pictures, etc. to hollow (thin-walled) structures, such as drywall, gypsum fiber sheets (GVL), chipboard, sheet steel, hollow profiles , ceilings with voids, hollow doors, etc. Fasteners consist of a special dowel for hollow materials and a screw.
Designed for mechanical fastening of hard and soft insulating materials in the form of a panel or sheet (stone wool, glass wool, polystyrene, polyurethane, foam plastic, fiberboard boards, coconut fiber mats, cork, etc.) on a plane made of concrete, lightweight concrete, natural stone, solid and hollow bricks, hollow blocks and aerated concrete. For installation of some models of such dowels, additional nails and screws are not required. Other models are supplied with a steel expansion nail. Leading manufacturers of fasteners use for this purpose only galvanized and passivated (with additional coating) steel nails with increased bending strength.
Already from the name itself it is clear that they are designed specifically for attaching windows, doors, gratings, consoles, pipelines to building structures made of aerated concrete, suspended ceilings, structures made of wood and metal, cable routes, sanitary equipment, etc. They are used in a set with a locking screw made of galvanized and passivated or stainless steel.
This is the most modern class of fastening systems. They are designed for mounting parts on structures made of heavy concrete, dense natural stone and other dense equal-strength materials in cases where an increased level of reliability and safety is required (including for fastening facade cladding and load-bearing structural elements - traverses, consoles, etc.). ). The principle of operation of chemical fastening systems is based on filling the prepared hole with a special two-component mixture, which, when solidified, “tightly” fixes the anchor or threaded rod in the hole (the end of the rod that comes out looks like an ordinary threaded stud). The mixture is in a glass cartridge, which is inserted into the hole. After that, a rod is screwed in, which crushes the glass, and the mixture fills the entire volume of the hole.
They are a type of chemical fastening systems. The difference lies in the way the hole is filled - in this case by directly squeezing the mixture out of the cartridge, similar to the use of sealants. Such fasteners are used for the installation of gratings, fences and railings, pipelines, plumbing, etc. Depending on the material of the building structure - hollow or solid - the system is used, respectively, with or without an anchor sleeve.
Used for fixing sinks, urinals, bidets, wall hung toilets, water heaters to wall structures made of concrete, natural stone, solid brick solid gypsum boards, hollow blocks, aerated concrete (there are special models designed for fastening to walls made of plasterboard, gypsum fiber boards, chipboard). The structure of such fasteners includes a dowel, a galvanized and passivated steel stud, a nylon nut with a collar and a metal decorative cap. Fixture for toilet bowls is intended for fastening of toilet bowls to concrete floor. It consists of a dowel, a brass screw, a blocking sleeve and a decorative cap.
Designed for fastening balcony cladding made of wood, polymeric materials and metal, general cladding, small pieces of equipment, wire ties, building elements, etc. to structural elements of balconies. Simply put, such fasteners are intended for fastening to thin-walled metal elements from which a balcony fence is assembled (pipes, profiles, sheets, panels and plates a few millimeters thick). The fastening consists of a nylon spacing cartridge with a shoulder, a brass screw and a decorative cap.
Designed for fastening frames, docking wall and plaster profiles, wooden parts(including lathing for plaster), skirting boards, wall brackets, cable ducts, cable and pipe clamps, etc. Fasteners consist of a special frame dowel and expansion screw.
Designed for invisible mounting wooden steps on concrete or metal profiles, solid brick, natural stone. Fasteners include: a nylon dowel with a shoulder for fastening to solid materials or a nylon expansion cartridge with a shoulder for fastening to thin-walled structural elements, a brass or steel galvanized and passivated screw, a core for precise marking of holes in the board. Such fasteners can be used not only for stairs, but also for the invisible fastening of any other wooden elements.
Designed for fastening individual cables, flexible pipes or cable bundles to building structures made of concrete, solid silicate and clinker bricks, natural stone, lightweight concrete and aerated concrete.
Designed for rational fastening of cables and pipelines to building structures. The clamps themselves are attached to the structures using dowels with a screw. These clips are available in various sizes, each equipped with a special element that allows you to fasten the clips together.
When choosing fasteners, you need to remember that this is a very serious and responsible matter. After all, pieces of furniture, lighting fixtures, technical structures that are attached to walls and ceilings are, as a rule, located above human height (in any case, above the height of a child). At the same time, even not the heaviest of them (say, a picture or a sconce), breaking off the mount, can cause very serious injuries. What can we say about a hanging cabinet or a bookshelf that has fallen off the wall. Therefore, the main advice: if you want to feel calm and safe in your own home, use only fasteners from the world's leading manufacturers. Installation is a responsible matter, and the quality of your repair depends on how it is done, in order to choose the right fasteners (using the tables, you can easily select fasteners, depending on the material used) and learn about the latest in fastening systems, you can view Fischer Fastening Systems Catalog 2014.
Modern fastening systems are a guarantee of high-quality and reliable fastening
At the end of June 2017 in Germany, the Fischer Group, the world leader in the field, received the "Special Trust" ("Stein im Brett") award, becoming No. 1 in the field of building fasteners. The main criteria for obtaining high marks were product quality, price, ease of installation, and the desire to recommend products to others. The award was given based on a survey of builders and sales representatives. 297 suppliers were declared in the questionnaire construction equipment in 26 product categories.
The ease of installation of Fischer products was especially noted. This is recognized as the most important aspect in the daily work of builders and one of the main reasons why craftsmen recommend fasteners from this German manufacturer to each other. In order to continuously improve products and simplify the installation process, Fischer specialists regularly organize meetings with installers and builders, as well as with representatives of trading companies. “After all, only those who work with our products on a daily basis help to find solutions to various construction problems at various sites and can truly judge the quality of products and services, as well as the level of the manufacturer,” comments Ralf Häfele, Managing Director of FischerGermany Sales GmbH.
The study was conducted during 3000 workshops by the ibau information center. The purpose of the survey was to identify a "highly revered" brand and the best manufacturer in the construction industry. “This survey is the largest and most significant in the field of German trade,” said Sven Hohmann, Managing Director of ibau. The study was conducted with the support of the Heinze marketing agency and the Helden am Bau online platform.
A few years ago, we would have said with confidence that it could be a nail or a screw, but the first and second have their own advantages and disadvantages. A nail quickly produces installation, but it does not give strength to the structure and over time it can simply fall apart. The screw gives strength to the structure, but due to the inconvenience during installation, it reduces the speed of work. Therefore, this problem is solved by self-tapping screws, anchors, dowels and screws. They combine both mounting speed and fastening strength, since a specially selected thread pitch and angle, as well as a tip, provide them with a quick fit and a reliable, durable connection. In addition, they have an anti-corrosion coating, which allows several times to increase the service life of the fastening, which means the reliability and durability of the entire structure.
frame fasteners are intended for fastening bars, wooden and structural planks, building facades, window frames and metal profiles.
General fasteners used for light fasteners, as well as various kinds hooks for fastening scaffolding, ropes, cables, chains. Besides, in trading network there is fasteners for plumbing equipment, light and heavy building structures, for insulating materials, etc.
Self drilling screws used for fastening sheet steel to heavy load-bearing structures and sheet metal between themselves (lapped), as well as for steel and wooden bases, mounting finishing works. Can be used in furniture production.
screws for roofing are used for fastening profiled sheet metal to wood, to light steel structures or between. yourself (overlap).
Self-tapping screws hardened designed for joining wood, chipboard and gypsum boards, as well as for thin sheet metal.
screws for the installation of gypsum boards used for fastening drywall to sheet metal profiles, to wood elements, as well as for twisting sheet metal profiles.
self-tapping screws for the installation of window profiles are used for fastening plastic and wooden profiles and other installation work.
wood fastening
The strength and stability of any product or structure depends on what kind of fastener is used that connects its parts into one whole. Wood occupies an exceptional place due to the ease with which elements made from it can be connected to each other by various fasteners - nails, crutches, glues, bolts, staples, dowels, self-tapping screws, etc.
For fastening strength, the product or joint design should not be chosen randomly, but should correspond to the properties, purpose of the product, taking into account fastening along or across the fibers, as well as changes in dimensions with fluctuations in humidity.
Nails. Nails are the most common type of fastening in building structures and wood products. I produce construction nails of two types: with a flat and conical head.
Nails are made from light-colored, low-carbon, non-hardened steel wire by cold stamping.
Construction nails of a round (rarely square) section in carpentry are used in lengths from 7 to 90 mm, with a thickness of 0.7-3.5 mm.
Round nails are used when installing carpentry partitions, barrier panels. Studs are also used - thin nails without hats, with which the lining, layout, and rods are attached. The connection of the main parts of these products is done with glue, less often with screws.
Roofing nails length from 9 to 40 mm, thickness from 0.8 to 2 mm is used for roofing upholstery of assembled window and door blocks, beam cones, wooden building structures in places where they come into contact with walls.
Decorative nails are intended for front surfaces of furniture, mainly upholstered. They are available with round, square and shaped heads, which can be smooth with embossed or molded ornaments. The dimensions of the heads in diameter or side of the square are 6,8,10 and 12 mm. The length of the rod for these nails is not more than 30 mm. When driving nails into wood (with a wooden hammer), their heads should not jump off the rod, there should be no dents, distortions or delamination of the decorative layer.
Nails resist pulling and lateral (shearing) loads or the combined action of two types of loads. The resistance depends on the properties of the wood and the nail, the conditions of their use. Nails, like other fasteners, such as staples and T-shaped nails, should be positioned so that the connection works mainly in shear, and not in pull, so that the nails experience mainly lateral loads and do not work on pulling. The resistance of the nail shaft to being pulled out of the wood depends on the density of the wood, the diameter of the nail, and the degree of its penetration.
The pull-out resistance of nails is greatly influenced by factors such as point type, shank type, nail coating, the residence time of the nails in the wood, and changes in the moisture content of the wood.
Nails hammered perpendicular to the grain of the wood have the greatest pull-out resistance. When the nail is driven along the grain, i.e. into the end, the pull-out resistance for softwood is 75 or even 50% of the resistance when driven across the grain.
crutches. Regular wire crutches are made in the same way as wire nails. Their tip has the shape of a tetrahedral pyramid, the length is 76-305 mm, with this length their diameter is greater than that of ordinary wire nails.
bolts serve to connect parts, they are especially widely used in bent furniture. To protect the wood from crushing when screwing the bolt, washers are placed under its head.
screws made of low-carbon steel or brass wire. Screw sizes: length - from 6 to 120 mm, shaft diameter - from 1.5 to 10 mm, head diameter - from 3 to 20 mm, the threaded part of the shaft must be at least 0.6 of the screw length. The parts of the products are connected with screws when the area for gluing is insufficient in size, for example, in bent furniture, screws are used to fasten metal appliances and accessories to furniture and joinery products. For convenience of screwing in its head there is a slotted groove (slot). Screws are distinguished with countersunk, semi-secret and semicircular heads.
Screws with flat heads are most often used for screwing flush with the surface of the wood. Screws with oval or round heads are used in cases where it is necessary to give the surface of the wood a beautiful look or if it is undesirable to screw the screws flush. The main parts of a screw are the screw thread and the shank.
Modern trends in the development of wood fastening include the use of tapped screws along the entire length of the shaft. Commercially available self-tapping screws in some cases have certain advantages.
Pins. Pins driven into pre-drilled holes that are 3.2 mm smaller than the pin diameter are expected to make a good connection. The lateral load on a pin driven across the grain of the wood must not exceed the ultimate shear load of a bar of the same diameter. To compensate for the lack of washers and nuts, the pins are longer than ordinary bolts.
Staples. There are several types of staples, differing in the shape of the point, the processing of the rod, the type of coating, caliber, length and diameter. These fasteners are available for use in pneumatically operated installations with clips or cassettes. They are used in furniture upholstery.
"Capercaillie"- large screws with a length of 35 mm and a thickness of 6.0 mm with a square or hexagonal head adapted for screwing, capercaillie with a key. Furniture capercaillie have a square shape with a broadened base, which acts as a washer, preventing the wood from collapsing when screwing the capercaillie.
squares metal are used for additional fastening of corner joints of parts. overlays are straight metal plates with holes for screws: they are fixed on one or both sides of the bar (part) in places of insufficient strength or at the fracture site.
To connect parts of disassembled furniture are used metal ties. There are overhead and mortise.
Shelf holders serve to support adjustable shelves in cabinet (cabinet) furniture. They are a metal pin ”With corners attached to them. To the shelf holders, metal clips are attached to the pins (caps). The clips are tightly inserted into the nests drilled on the inner sides of the cabinet walls. They protect the walls of the nest from being crushed by the pins of the shelf supports.
Hardware. loops called hardware, as well as other accessories for windows, doors (latches, wrappers, handles, locks, etc.). Typically, hardware is made from light-colored low-carbon steel. Facial devices are varnished, chrome-plated, nickel-plated.
Window and door hinges are used for hanging door panels and window sashes, for raising or lowering; transoms and opening windows.
By design, card loops are distinguished: articulated with a removable hinge rod (baut), semi-articulated with a rod embedded in one card motionlessly, articulated with a rod that cannot be removed from the hinge, and driven in.
Hinges with a removable hinge are used where a wooden sheet or window sash cannot be lifted to remove it from the fixed hinge rods.
I use semi-hinged hinges for wooden canvases and sashes.
Hinges with hinged rods are used for small window sashes, transoms, vents.
Card loops are selected taking into account the dimensions of the canvases and sashes, the thickness of the strapping of the bars.
Each loop consists of two cards with a hinge. The card consists of one steel plate, on one longitudinal edge of which notches are made, and the resulting protrusions are bent to form a hinge (folded cards).
From the longitudinal edge of the card to the side edge of the heel bar of the door leaf or sash, there should be a distance of 6-11 mm, depending on the size of the bars.
Stitched loops are used for hanging sashes and canvases balcony doors with an influx.
In public buildings with a large oncoming flow of people door leafs hung on spring double-leaf hinges, for opening doors in both directions. There are left and right hinges, depending on the hinge of the door, sashes.
Pens for doors and windows are very diverse. There are door handles for interior, balcony doors. Buttons instead of handles are used only for interior doors.
latches- These are keyless locks. Distinguish between door and window latches. Door latches are cut into the leaf edge of the left leaf on a double-leaf door. The upper door latch has a length of 370 mm, the lower one - 230 mm. They must be installed without distortion and jamming.
Mortise or overhead locks are made only at doors. On the market building materials and products, fundamentally new mechanical locks with a plastic key card are used. Locks of this type have the ability to repeatedly recode and form branched systems of authorized access.
Opening is done by lightly pressing the card key, and closing - without using a key.
Window shutters, top and bottom, have a very simple device. They are incorrectly called latches. Keyless locks also include door and window latches of various devices and hooks.
Devices that contribute to the closing of doors include springs without leverage, with a lever, pneumatic.
Currently in the trading network in a wide range there are devices for windows and doors mainly from aluminum alloys anodized for a better look.
Furniture accessories, depending on the type of purpose and material of the furniture, are very diverse, including artistic decoration, for its decoration.
Materials for fastening carpentry structures
For fastening wooden products to walls and connecting wooden structures to each other, ruffs, crutches, staples, linings, clamps, anchors, etc. are used. They are called forgings.
Construction forgings are made from forging, low-carbon steel (iron), most of them are blacksmith products.
Ruffs are used for fastening window and door blocks in the openings of stone-like walls, partitions at the interface to the walls. The pointed ends of the ruff are driven into wooden antiseptic or plastic plugs installed in the walls. The ruffs are nailed to the box of blocks through the eyelet in the ruffs. Crutches are used for hanging cornices, paintings, chandeliers, etc. on stone-like walls. After breaking through with a jumper or drilling a hole, they put corks and crutches are driven in there.
Staples are used for additional fastening of connections on the rafter cuts and Mauerlat. Depending on the location of the joints of structural elements, they are straight, reverse and angular. They are made from steel rods of round section with a diameter of 10-12 mm or square. 10x10 and 12x12 mm.
Overlays are used for fastening composite beams and lower chords of trusses and arches. They are made from thick rolled steel.
Bolts are used for fastening composite beams, fastening frame and panel walls etc. The hole for the bolts is drilled with electric drills or they are laid in the foundation when pouring.
Coupling and non-coupling clamps are used for tight fastening of beams from logs or beams in cobbled and log houses, fastening beams. They are made of strip steel with a section of 4x60 mm.
Anchors are steel parts made of 4x40 mm T-shaped strip steel of various lengths. Used to connect a wooden beam to a stone wall. Most often, the dimensions are 400x720 mm.
For connection wooden beams with reinforced concrete purlins, T-section anchors 500 mm long are used. The bent ends of the anchor interlock with the brand of the run.
Clamps are made from scraps of steel, and are used to fasten sheets of galvanized steel, to fix flat strip tiles. Distinguish different types clamps. So, one end is trimmed with steel, nailed to the crate when roofing, the other is fixed with a standing seam of galvanized roofing steel. Clamps for fastening tiles allow you to fasten two tiles at once in the following way: the horizontal lapel of the clamp lies on top of the laid tile, and under its vertical lapel, leading another, adjacent tile. Clamp hooks are driven from the side of the attic into the crate.
Galvanized 5x60mm or 5x70mm pan head screws are used to fasten the corrugated slate. For fixing auxiliary asbestos-cement corners, a 5x40 mm screw with a semi-round and countersunk head is taken.
For roofing works I use building and roofing nails Roofing nails have a diameter of 3.5 mm and a length of 40 mm. A variety of building nails allows you to choose the desired nails in the following range: diameter 2.5 mm, length 50 or 60 mm; diameter 3 mm, length 70 and 80 mm diameter 3.5 mm, length 90 mm; diameter 4mm, length 100 and 110mm and diameter 5mm, length 150mm. Fixing all piece materials with nails.
So, for asbestos-cement flat slate, nails with a diameter of 2.5 and 3 mm and a length of 35-40 mm, respectively, are used. For corrugated asbestos-cement sheets, nails with a diameter of 4 mm and a length of 30 mm are taken. For wooden roofing (shingles, shingles, shavings), nails 2.5 mm long, 50 or 60 mm long are used. Fixing "boards with nails with a diameter of 4 mm and a length of 10 mm.
The wire is used as a fastener for stamped and ridge tiles. It is used together with nails with a diameter of 3-4 mm and a length of 40-50 mm. The nails are driven 2/3 into the crate and a wire is wound onto the remaining part of the nail from the outside, which is tied to the tile spike with the other end. Use steel wire with a diameter of 1 mm, copper - 2 mm, and aluminum - 2.5 mm. Before fixing the tiles, the copper and steel wires are covered with oil paint so that it does not rust or oxidize, then dry it.
For fixed joints in carpentry, staples such as bolts, squares, linings, insert plates, nails, screws, etc. are used.
With large nails, cranial bars are attached to beams in the manufacture of floor elements, when knocking together shields for partitions, ceilings, walls. The thicker and longer the nail, the stronger it holds in the wood. A square nail is stronger than a round nail. The end of the nail, nailed through, is bent across the wood fibers.
When fastening with nails in hardwood, nests are drilled with a diameter of up to 3/4 of the diameter of the nail. If you need to drive a thick nail close to the edge, then in conifers wood drill holes, the same in soft hardwoods.
What should be fasteners for lumber? Wood is a fairly soft material, especially when compared with other types of arrays. However, the physical properties of wooden parts used in construction can vary greatly depending on their percentage of moisture, the species used, the growing conditions of the trees ... The structure is not uniform even in different parts of the same log. In any case, the fastener must hold well in the fibers and securely fix any details. To increase the friction force, nails are very often knurled or brushed, and self-tapping screws have large threads.
Most wood fasteners in Moscow are made from galvanized and phosphated steel or metals that do not rust (for example, there are nails made of aluminum, copper). Only some types of products are made of ferrous metal, but only those that are used in draft structures - building nails, hardened roofing brackets. The protective coating allows you to significantly increase the service life of fasteners, but, in addition, the aesthetic properties of the product are improved by an order of magnitude, because red spots and rust stains will be excluded.
The design of modern fasteners is thought out to the smallest detail. So, there are dozens of types of self-tapping screws that are designed for certain jobs, each of them has its own characteristics. For example, a roofing fastener has a drill on the tip that can drill through sheet metal, and a large rubberized washer. And structural yellow self-tapping screws have a complex carving on the body (sometimes incomplete) and a special tip. The finishing nail has a very small head, and the galvanized nail for fixing the OSB, on the contrary, is quite large. There are fasteners with a conical head under the sweat, and there are - with a flat one. There are many length options available.
Almost all of these fasteners (including perforated ones) are operated under load, so they must be resistant to bending and shearing effects. High-quality fasteners for wood do not break, in extreme cases, they can only bend. For certain works, you can choose products of different thicknesses, this applies to both nails / self-tapping screws, and perforated plates / corners.
This is perhaps one of the most famous and proven types of components for construction works. For this fastener for wood, the price is the most affordable, but it is distinguished by practicality and functionality. A nail is a metal rod cut from wire, which has a point at one end and a flat cap at the other.
During use, the product is hammered with a conventional hammer, or can be combined into tapes and loaded into a nail gun. Nails can be used alone or in combination with perforated fasteners.
The size of the cap differs in size, depending on whether the nail should be recessed or the part should be pressed more securely. The rod may have notches to increase the friction forces, because it is with their help that the nails are held in the wood. The length (in fact, as well as the thickness) of the nail is selected according to the nature of the connection and the type of loads experienced by the assembly.
Depending on the purpose for which the nails are intended, they are divided into several main types. If we talk about construction, then this:
This is a modern fixture, has high efficiency and is also very practical. The cost of fasteners for this type of wood is more than that of nails, but it also has many advantages.
The highlight of the self-tapping screw is that it takes advantage of the plasticity of wood. That is, it allows screwing without pre-drilling. Due to the wide thread pitch and its increased height (for example, metal screws have more frequent and lower threads), this fastener fits tightly into any wood fibers and keeps well there. At the same time, such a connection remains collapsible, while it is extremely rare to separate wooden parts knocked down with nails without damage.
The design of the thread and the tip is focused on easy entry into the tree. A drill at the end of wood screws is usually not used. The hat is made with a cone for sinking in, or flat, for the types "press washer", "roofing screw". The thread can be solid or partial. There are many options for the thickness and length of products.
To use self-tapping screws, a drill or screwdriver is needed, although, in theory, small items in small quantities can be screwed with a screwdriver. To transmit rotation from the tool, there are slots on the head of the screw. The shape of the slots may vary. As a rule, PH or PZ formats are used - this must be taken into account when choosing a bit.
Among the many types of wood screws, the most popular were:
Nails and screws are not the only components that can be used to assemble wooden structures. The most loaded or most voluminous nodes are twisted by means of bolts and studs. Together with nuts and washers, these hardware allow you to get the most reliable fixation, because you can press the parts very tightly against each other, use rods of increased diameter (which means they are very strong). An obvious plus is the ability to disassemble and assemble structures several times.
Studs and bolts are installed through a through hole, which must be drilled in each of the fastened parts. Direct fixation is carried out by tightening the nuts. Large washers allow for more footprint and prevent nuts/heads from sinking into the wood.
This type of fasteners is designed to speed up the installation of wooden building elements. Thanks to such products, it became possible to avoid the technically complex (and labor-intensive) production of tie-ins and locks in wood. If cutting wood actually underestimated the cross section of parts, then perforated products made it possible to assemble end-to-end, moreover, with an increase in the reliability of the assembly. Therefore, there is no need to increase the cross section of lumber, as before. Accordingly, it will turn out to unload the house and save money, although before making calculations it seems that buying perforated wood fasteners is a rather expensive decision.
Another advantage of such products lies in the increase in the speed of construction. Connections with corners and plates can be easily made by non-professionals, because all that is needed is to cut a beam or board more or less exactly in length.
Perforated fasteners are presented in a wide range. They are integrated into a system and cover all the needs of modern wooden and general construction. They are made of sheet metal with a thickness of one and a half to 5 mm, in which there is a large number of holes (round small, large for anchors, long slots for sliding fixations). All products are galvanized, completely ready for use. Among all perforated fasteners, several types are distinguished by design and scope of use, first of all, these are corners, plates, supports, tapes.
| Product name | Variant name | The price of the product | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glue for plywood and parquet Artelit 21 kg | Bucket 21 kg | RUB 4,200.00 | ||
| Roofing bat | 6 mm | RUB 60.00 | ||
| 8 mm | RUB 65.00 | |||
| 10 mm | RUB 70.00 | |||
| 12 mm | RUB 75.00 | |||
| 13 mm | RUB 80.00 | |||
| 17 mm | RUB 90.00 | |||
| 25 mm | RUB 220.00 | |||
| 30 mm | RUB 220.00 | |||
| 40 mm | RUB 220.00 | |||
| 50 mm | RUB 220.00 | |||
| Mounting foam | Macroflex (prof.) | RUB 360.00 | ||
| Macroflex | RUB 300.00 | |||
| Titan (prof.) | RUB 380.00 | |||
| Titanium | RUB 320.00 | |||
| Wooden dowel | with a knot | RUB 14.00 | ||
| without a knot | RUB 18.00 | |||
| Self-tapping screw for wood yellow | 3x25mm | RUB 380.00 | ||
| 3x30mm | RUB 350.00 | |||
| 3x35mm | RUB 350.00 | |||
| 3x40mm | RUB 350.00 | |||
| 3.5x16mm | RUB 350.00 | |||
| 3.5x40mm | RUB 350.00 | |||
| 4x35mm | RUB 330.00 | |||
| 4x50mm | RUB 330.00 | |||
| 4x60mm | RUB 330.00 | |||
| 4x70mm | RUB 330.00 | |||
| 5x40mm | RUB 330.00 | |||
| 5x50mm | RUB 330.00 | |||
| 5x60mm | RUB 330.00 | |||
| 5x70mm | RUB 330.00 | |||
| 5x80mm | RUB 330.00 | |||
| 5x100mm | RUB 330.00 | |||
| 5x120mm | RUB 330.00 | |||
| 6x40mm | RUB 330.00 | |||
| 6x50mm | RUB 330.00 | |||
| 6x60mm | RUB 330.00 | |||
| Black wood screw | 3.5x16 mm | RUB 240.00 | ||
| 3.5x19 mm | RUB 240.00 | |||
| 3.5x25 mm | RUB 240.00 | |||
| 3.5x32 mm | RUB 240.00 | |||
| 3.5x35 mm | RUB 240.00 | |||
| 3.5x41 mm | RUB 240.00 | |||
| 3.5x45 mm | RUB 240.00 | |||
| 3.5x51 mm | RUB 240.00 | |||
| 3.5x55 mm | RUB 240.00 | |||
| 4.2x64 mm | RUB 240.00 | |||
| 4.2x70 mm | RUB 240.00 | |||
| 4.2x76 mm | RUB 240.00 | |||
| 4.8x90 mm | RUB 240.00 | |||
| 4.8x95 mm | RUB 240.00 | |||
| 4.8x100 mm | RUB 240.00 | |||
| 4.8x127 mm | RUB 240.00 | |||
| 4.8x140 mm | RUB 240.00 | |||
| 4.8x150 mm | RUB 240.00 | |||
| Construction nails black | 1.8x20mm | RUB 98.00 | ||
| 1.8x25mm | RUB 98.00 | |||
| 2.5x40mm | RUB 98.00 | |||
| 2.5x50mm | RUB 98.00 | |||
| 2.5x60mm | RUB 98.00 | |||
| 3x70mm | RUB 98.00 | |||
| 3x80mm | RUB 98.00 | |||
| 3.5x90mm | RUB 98.00 | |||
| 4x100mm | RUB 98.00 | |||
| 4x120mm | RUB 98.00 | |||
| 5x150mm | RUB 98.00 | |||
| 8x250mm | RUB 98.00 | |||
| 8x300mm | RUB 98.00 | |||
| Sliding support for rafters | 40x120 mm | RUB 70.00 | ||
| 40x160 mm | RUB 80.00 | |||
| 40x200 mm | RUB 90.00 | |||
| Beam staples, hardened | 6x150 mm | RUB 20.00 | ||
| 6x200 mm | RUB 22.00 | |||
| 6x250 mm | RUB 24.00 | |||
| 8x200 mm | RUB 26.00 | |||
| 8x250 mm | RUB 28.00 | |||
| 8x300 mm | RUB 30.00 | |||
| Perforated metal corner | 20x40 mm | standard | RUB 8.00 | |
| 40x40 mm | standard | RUB 14.00 | ||
| 50x35 mm | reinforced | RUB 15.00 | ||
| 50x50 mm | standard | RUB 20.00 | ||
| 70x55 mm | reinforced | RUB 26.00 | ||
| 90x40 mm | reinforced | RUB 32.00 | ||
| 90x65 mm | reinforced | RUB 34.00 | ||
| 105x90 mm | reinforced | RUB 47.00 | ||
| 130x100 mm | reinforced | RUB 102.00 | ||
| 140x140 mm | reinforced | RUB 120.00 | ||
| Perforated mounting plate | 100 x 35 x 2mm | RUB 18.50 | ||
| 140 x 55 x 2mm | RUB 29.00 | |||
| 180 x 40 x 2mm | RUB 39.00 | |||
| 180 x 65 x 2mm | RUB 49.00 | |||
| 210 x 90 x 2mm | RUB 59.00 | |||
| timber support | 110 mm | 50 mm | RUB 80.00 | |
| 140 mm | 50 mm | RUB 90.00 | ||
| 165 mm | 50 mm | RUB 100.00 | ||
| 180 mm | 50 mm | RUB 110.00 | ||
| 100 mm | 100 mm | RUB 120.00 | ||
| 160 mm | 100 mm | RUB 130.00 | ||
| 200 mm | 100 mm | RUB 140.00 | ||
| 150 mm | 150 mm | RUB 150.00 | ||
| Screw for fastening logs and rails (wood grouse) | 60 mm | 6 mm | RUB 40.00 | |
| 80 mm | 6 mm | RUB 50.00 | ||
| 100 mm | 6 mm | RUB 60.00 | ||
| 50 mm | 8 mm | RUB 50.00 | ||
| 60 mm | 8 mm | RUB 70.00 | ||
| 80 mm | 8 mm | RUB 85.00 | ||
| 100 mm | 8 mm | RUB 100.00 | ||
| 120 mm | 8 mm | RUB 120.00 | ||
| 130 mm | 8 mm | RUB 140.00 | ||
| 160 mm | 8 mm | RUB 160.00 | ||
| 180 mm | 8 mm | RUB 195.00 | ||
| 200 mm | 8 mm | RUB 240.00 | ||
| 60 mm | 10 mm | RUB 120.00 | ||
| 70 mm | 10 mm | RUB 140.00 | ||
| 80 mm | 10 mm | RUB 160.00 | ||
| 100 mm | 10 mm | RUB 180.00 | ||
| 120 mm | 10 mm | RUB 220.00 | ||
| 160 mm | 10 mm | RUB 260.00 | ||
| 180 mm | 10 mm | RUB 290.00 | ||
| 200 mm | 10 mm | RUB 320.00 | ||
| 220 mm | 10 mm | RUB 350.00 | ||
| 240 mm | 10 mm | RUB 390.00 | ||
| 260 mm | 10 mm | RUB 420.00 | ||
| 120 mm | 12 mm | RUB 290.00 | ||
| 160 mm | 12 mm | RUB 370.00 | ||
| 180 mm | 12 mm | RUB 390.00 | ||
| 200 mm | 12 mm | RUB 410.00 | ||
| 240 mm | 12 mm | RUB 480.00 | ||
| 260 mm | 12 mm | RUB 500.00 | ||
| 280 mm | 12 mm | RUB 580.00 | ||
| 300 mm | 12 mm | RUB 720.00 | ||
| Screw (capercaillie) with a spring | 10x200 mm | RUB 124.00 | ||
| 10x220 mm | RUB 134.00 | |||
| 10x180 mm | RUB 116.00 | |||
| Screw ring | 8x120 mm | RUB 25.00 | ||
| 8x160 mm | RUB 30.00 | |||
| 10x220 mm | RUB 50.00 | |||
| Bolt | M6 | RUB 180.00 | ||
| M8 | RUB 180.00 | |||
| M10 | RUB 180.00 | |||
| M12 | RUB 180.00 | |||
| M14 | RUB 180.00 | |||
| M16 | RUB 180.00 | |||
| M18 | RUB 180.00 | |||
| M20 | RUB 180.00 | |||
| M22 | RUB 180.00 | |||
| M24 | RUB 180.00 | |||
| Washer | M6 | RUB 195.00 | ||
| M8 | RUB 195.00 | |||
| M10 | RUB 195.00 | |||
| M12 | RUB 195.00 | |||
| M14 | RUB 195.00 | |||
| M16 | RUB 195.00 | |||
| M18 | RUB 195.00 | |||
| M20 | RUB 195.00 | |||
| M22 | RUB 195.00 | |||
| M24 | RUB 195.00 | |||
| screw | M6 | RUB 190.00 | ||
| M8 | RUB 190.00 | |||
| M10 | RUB 190.00 | |||
| M12 | RUB 190.00 | |||
| M14 | RUB 190.00 | |||
| M16 | RUB 190.00 | |||
| M18 | RUB 190.00 | |||
| M20 | RUB 190.00 | |||
| M22 | RUB 190.00 | |||
| M24 | RUB 190.00 | |||
| Threaded stud | M6 | 1m | RUB 39.00 | |
| M8 | 1m | RUB 58.00 | ||
| M10 | 1m | RUB 70.00 | ||
| M12 | 1m | RUB 90.00 | ||
| M14 | 1m | RUB 129.00 | ||
| M16 | 1m | RUB 155.00 | ||
| M20 | 1m | RUB 245.00 | ||
| M22 | 1m | RUB 310.00 | ||
| M24 | 1m | RUB 380.00 | ||
| M6 | 2 m | RUB 78.00 | ||
| M8 | 2 m | RUB 116.00 | ||
| M10 | 2 m | RUB 140.00 | ||
| M12 | 2 m | RUB 180.00 | ||
| M14 | 2 m | RUB 258.00 | ||
| M16 | 2 m | RUB 310.00 | ||
| M20 | 2 m | RUB 490.00 | ||
| M22 | 2 m | RUB 620.00 | ||
| M24 | 2 m | RUB 760.00 | ||
| Finishing nails | 30 mm | 1 kg | RUB 200.00 | |
| 40 mm | 1 kg | RUB 200.00 | ||
| 50 mm | 1 kg | RUB 200.00 | ||
| 60 mm | 1 kg | RUB 200.00 | ||
| 30 mm | 5 kg | RUB 1,000.00 | ||
| 40 mm | 5 kg | RUB 1,000.00 | ||
| 50 mm | 5 kg | RUB 1,000.00 | ||
| 60 mm | 5 kg | RUB 1,000.00 | ||
| 100 mm | 1 kg | RUB 200.00 | ||
| 120 mm | 1 kg | RUB 200.00 | ||
| 150 mm | 1 kg | RUB 200.00 | ||
| 32 mm | 5 kg | RUB 1,000.00 | ||
| 40 mm | 5 kg | RUB 1,000.00 | ||
| 50 mm | 5 kg | RUB 1,000.00 | ||
| 60 mm | 5 kg | RUB 1,000.00 | ||
| 70 mm | 5 kg | RUB 1,000.00 | ||
| 80 mm | 5 kg | RUB 1,000.00 | ||
| 100 mm | 5 kg | RUB 1,000.00 | ||
| 120 mm | 5 kg | RUB 1,000.00 | ||
| Galvanized roofing screw | 4.8x29 mm | Metal + Wood | RUB 21.00 | |
| 4.8x38 mm | Metal + Wood | RUB 24.00 | ||
| 4.8x51 mm | Metal + Wood | RUB 26.00 | ||
| 4.8x76 mm | Metal + Wood | RUB 28.00 | ||
| 5.5x19 mm | Metal | RUB 21.00 | ||
| 5.5x25 mm | Metal | RUB 23.00 | ||
| 5.5x32 mm | Metal | RUB 26.00 | ||
| 5.5x51 mm | Metal | RUB 28.00 | ||
| 5.5x76 mm | Metal | RUB 34.00 | ||
| Painted roofing screw | RAL 8017 brown | 4.8x29 mm | Metal + Wood | RUB 26.00 |
| RAL 6005 green | 4.8x29 mm | Metal + Wood | RUB 26.00 | |
| RAL 3005 cherry | 4.8x29 mm | Metal + Wood | RUB 26.00 | |
| RAL 8017 brown | 4.8x38 mm | Metal + Wood | RUB 28.00 | |
| RAL 6005 green | 4.8x38 mm | Metal + Wood | RUB 28.00 | |
| RAL 3005 cherry | 4.8x38 mm | Metal + Wood | RUB 28.00 | |
| RAL 8017 brown | 4.8x51 mm | Metal + Wood | RUB 35.00 | |
| RAL 6005 green | 4.8x51 mm | Metal + Wood | RUB 35.00 | |
| RAL 3005 cherry | 4.8x51 mm | Metal + Wood | RUB 35.00 | |
| RAL 8017 brown | 4.8x76 mm | Metal + Wood | RUB 45.00 | |
| RAL 6005 green | 4.8x76 mm | Metal + Wood | RUB 45.00 | |
| RAL 3005 cherry | 4.8x76 mm | Metal + Wood | RUB 45.00 | |
| RAL 8017 brown | 5.5x19 mm | Metal | RUB 27.00 | |
| RAL 6005 green | 5.5x19 mm | Metal | RUB 27.00 | |
| RAL 3005 cherry | 5.5x19 mm | Metal | RUB 27.00 | |
| RAL 8017 brown | 5.5x25 mm | Metal | RUB 32.00 | |
| RAL 6005 green | 5.5x25 mm | Metal | RUB 32.00 | |
| RAL 3005 cherry | 5.5x25 mm | Metal | RUB 32.00 | |
| RAL 8017 brown | 5.5x32 mm | Metal | RUB 37.00 | |
| RAL 6005 green | 5.5x32 mm | Metal | RUB 37.00 | |
| RAL 3005 cherry | 5.5x32 mm | Metal | RUB 37.00 | |
| RAL 8017 brown | 5.5x51 mm | Metal | RUB 43.00 | |
| RAL 6005 green | 5.5x51 mm | Metal | RUB 43.00 | |
| RAL 3005 cherry | 5.5x51 mm | Metal | RUB 43.00 | |
| RAL 8017 brown | 5.5x76 mm | Metal | RUB 50.00 | |
| RAL 6005 green | 5.5x76 mm | Metal | RUB 50.00 | |
| RAL 3005 cherry | 5.5x76 mm | Metal | RUB 50.00 | |
| Mounting bracket sliding | 40x120 mm | RUB 60.00 | ||
| 60x220 mm | RUB 90.00 | |||
| Staples for construction manual stapler | 6 mm | RUB 40.00 | ||
| 8 mm | RUB 50.00 | |||
| 10 mm | RUB 60.00 | |||
| 12 mm | RUB 70.00 | |||
| 14 mm | RUB 80.00 |
Let's take a closer look at what types of fasteners are:
Anchor- a fastener designed to connect structures and products. And it is also customary to call a part that is partially concreted into any structure.
bolts- cylindrical metal fasteners with a metric external thread and a head at one end, as a rule, designed for nuts. The head of the bolt may be shaped like a hexagon, a cylinder, or a sphere. Bolts allow you to create a connection using a nut or a pre-made threaded hole in the part to be joined.
Nail- the material for the manufacture of ordinary nails is steel and steel wire. The marking of nails includes two numbers: the first is the diameter of the rod, the second is the length of the rod in millimeters. The head of the nail is both smooth and corrugated. Screw, club and corrugated nails are distinguished by the presence of helical, longitudinal and transverse grooves, burrs or dents on the rod. Such nails have more resistance to pulling out. Hardened steel nails can be driven into brick and concrete walls.
Screw- a fastener that is screwed into a threaded hole. In some cases, a hole is drilled at the end of the screw for the use of a cotter pin - a wire rod with a semicircular cross section, bent almost in half. The cotter pin serves to prevent spontaneous unscrewing of the fastener.
In order for the screws to perform their function as reliable fasteners to the fullest, it is necessary to choose their size and type correctly. So, screws are fasteners for wooden structures. Their rod tapers towards the end and performs the function of a drill. This type of fastener cannot be hammered in like nails - they are twisted completely. Before using small screws, a puncture is first made with an awl. Large screws will be easier to screw if you first make a slightly smaller diameter hole with a drill. Screws are used to connect metal structures. The head of the screw contributes to the clamping of the parts to be joined, and its shape is chosen so that the screw can be easily tightened using a wrench or screwdriver. Screw heads can be hexagonal, semicircular or countersunk. The flat end of the screw has a chamfer to prevent thread entry.
screw is one of the varieties of fasteners with a threaded hole cut inside. The most widely used galvanized nuts. The shape of the nuts is hexagonal, round with a notch, square, with protrusions for fingers. The main purpose of a nut is to connect parts using a bolt.
dowels used for fastening in solid wall bases. The fastening of the dowel is based on the principle of friction, which occurs due to the expansion of the fastener during installation with the occurrence of a holding force. The dowel is able to withstand large static loads. During dowel installation, the fasteners are destroyed during the pulling process. The dowel is made of polymers.
self-tapping screws- the most widely used fasteners for wooden structures. To fasten metal parts of small thickness to wooden or plastic surfaces, self-tapping screws with frequent threads are used. Insulation, fiberboard, wooden parts are fastened with self-tapping screws with large threads. Having a tip in the form of a drill, it is able to independently make holes in the parts to be fastened. If the self-tapping screw is screwed into a hole drilled in advance, self-tapping screws with a sharp tip are used. A universal black self-tapping screw is used to fasten drywall sheets with tin profiles. Universal self-tapping screw white color used for fastening steel, plastic and wood materials.
Screw- this is a fastener having the form of a rod with an external thread with a point conical shape, and a head on the other end. It has the ability to create new threads in plastic or wood products. Screws - hardware, fasteners, which have found the widest application in construction and decoration works. They also cannot be replaced during installation. drywall sheets on a metal or wood frame.
Fasteners for wooden structures: the main varieties. Tapes and supports. Gear plates and washers
The well-known perforated metal corner can be used by all of us as a universal device, which is used both in the construction of wooden structures and the assembly of furniture, and in the arrangement of ventilated facades. They can be of different sizes, but it depends on their purpose, that is, the load force on a given node and its configuration are taken into account.
Perforated tape is used to reinforce various nodes that are connected at an angle, for example, it can be a connection of rafter legs, where a tape fixed on top will not allow the joint to disperse. The thickness of the tape varies from 0.8 mm to 1.5 mm, and its application depends on the power of the loads that will be applied to the formed node.
