Once very popular, roofing material is still used as roofing material. And, although such a roof in its elegance cannot be compared, for example, with a metal tile coating, it has its undeniable trump cards - the simplicity of the coating process and the minimum costs required for this. How to lay a roof with roofing felt if you know all the features and sequence of its installation?
Ruberoid is a plastic-based multilayer material: its cardboard base is covered with a binder bitumen-polymer coating, and a top layer is also applied on top, which performs not only decorative functions, but also provides sufficient abrasive strength.
This technology gives the roofing material the following positive properties:
At the same time, due to the presence of a cardboard base (even if with appropriate impregnation), the material does not have good mechanical strength, so in most cases it is laid in several layers. It is also worth noting the fire hazard of roofing material.
To answer the question - how to properly lay a roof with roofing material, you must first understand the characteristics of the material.
Roofing material grade “K” is suitable for coating, and the following markings indicate the characteristics of the fractions of the external dressing:
For a multi-layer roof, roofing material of grade K is always taken as the top layer. In this case, the density of the material (the following marking numbers) should be maximum.
Also issued and euroroofing material. Since its thickness is greater, the number of laying layers can also be reduced. In addition, some brands of euroruberoid (from foreign manufacturers) have a surface ornament. This will not particularly affect the durability of the coating, but it will increase its aesthetic qualities. Worth mentioning and glass roofing material: appeared relatively recently, this roofing material is much less sensitive to external temperature changes.
The length of the roll of material according to GOST is 15 m. The standard sheet width is 1 m (with a possible plus tolerance of up to 25 ... 50 mm), but there are sheets with a width of 750 mm. Thus, it is not particularly difficult to calculate the consumption of roofing material for roofing.
In budgetary options for its installation, roofing material is used mainly in construction country houses built with the predominant use of wood. How to properly lay roofing felt on a wooden roof?
The process begins with the following preparatory work:
The laying process should begin with lowered sections of the roof: overhangs, places for the subsequent placement of gutters, etc. At the same time, if the density of the roofing material exceeds 4 kg / running meter, then it is permissible to perform the laying in a single layer. The choice of laying direction - longitudinal or transverse - does not really matter.
Which side to lay the roofing material? At the ends of the coating the material must be laid with the topping up because otherwise the bonding quality will deteriorate. The same is done with the hot laying method, with melting bituminous mastic. With multi-layer laying of roofing material in a cold way, laying with top dressing is obligatory only for the top layer: in this case, conditions improve natural ventilation coatings. Each next layer of roofing material is laid with a shift of 150 ... 200 mm relative to the previous one.
To guarantee a uniform and tight adhesion, it is necessary that the bituminous adhesive protrudes beyond the surface of the roll by at least 5 mm during application. Its excess is removed with a sharp knife after the connection is complete.
There are a number of nuances in view of the fact that the roof will be horizontal:
Watch the video on how to properly lay the roofing material on the roof:
The roof of a modern safe house has several layers, each of which performs its function. In addition to insulation, sound insulation and mechanical protection attic space, a layer for waterproofing is needed. In most cases, its role is assigned to all kinds of roofing materials. They can be laid on their own, so we recommend that you first familiarize yourself with how to lay roofing material on the roof.
Before you properly cover the roof with roofing material, you need to correctly approach the choice of material. Traditionally this type building material It is an ordinary canvas about 1 m wide and 10 m, 15 m or 20 m long, depending on the dimensions set by the manufacturer. For convenience, the material is rolled into rolls.
The basis for it is thick cardboard or synthetic fiber impregnated with bituminous resins, sprinkled with fine powder on top. The result is a fairly plastic texture, resistant to ultraviolet and temperature extremes. The structure has the following parameters:
The disadvantages of the material include the fact that the bituminous impregnation can break down over time, which leads to the penetration of moisture into the structure of the main roofing. Then comes the destruction and the need to replace the damaged area.
There are light spots on poorly processed material
Since it is correct to lay high-quality roofing material on the roof, it is necessary to give preference to materials with coarse-grained powder intended for outdoor use.
To correctly select a reliable roofing shelter, you need to carefully conduct a visual check. Obvious shortcomings or the presence of marriage in the purchased rolls should not be allowed. You can start work only in the absence of the following defects:
You should not choose rolls on which light spots are clearly visible. This is evidence of poor low-quality impregnation with bitumen, which will negatively affect the operating time. Instead of the prescribed 10-15 years, the period will be halved.
VIDEO: How to properly lay roofing material on the roof
Since it is possible to lay roofing material on the roof in several layers, it is worth knowing how to determine them. It is generally accepted that the number of layers depends on various factors, which include:
In cases where roofs are covered with euroroofing material in one roll, a two-layer layer is required for the usual classic. For a 45° surface, we recommend laying a couple of layers of a classic cardboard product. The first type is chosen without powders in the form of stone or sand chips. The outer sides of the second layer should be powdered.
For a tilt angle of at least 20-25°, we use three layers for durability. When figuring out which side to put the roofing material on the roof, it is necessary to use the same principle as for two layers: the bottom sheets without powder, and the top one will need to be smeared with mastic from the smooth side and put up with powder.
If there is a slope of less than 15 °, then it is advisable to lay 4 layers on top of each other. In this case, we use a similar principle by determining which side to lay on the surface. The layers are laid perpendicular to each other.
Fly off so that the finish coat goes horizontally (the axis should be parallel to the ridge), ensuring that precipitation drains.
Flat roofs are usually more reliably protected from moisture. 5 rolled waterproofers are laid on them in series. For reliability, they are combined perpendicularly.
Before starting work, the selected site must be prepared in advance. Leveled rafters or a concrete surface cleared of debris will do. We recommend that the process be performed in dry, clear, calm weather. If precipitation is expected, then you can build a protective canopy with your own hands to continue. Otherwise, during mechanical laying (installation) at high humidity, the surfaces simply will not stick.
Sequence on a flat roof
When rolls are required to cover a flat reinforced concrete surface, a reinforced screed is installed. It is enough to collect its small height, within 3-5 cm. A slope of 1 ° is formed in this way, which corresponds to a height difference per linear meter of 1 cm. Thus, precipitation in the form of snow and rain will not linger on the surface.
The dried and hardened side of the screed is covered with a layer of mastic. To do this, use improvised means in the form of a mop or roller. On top of it, you can roll out the insulation itself. On a slight slope, a continuous crate is used so that a large layer of snow or prolonged rain does not collapse the structure. For a slope of 30-40 °, a non-continuous type of stand is allowed with allowable gaps of not more than 40-30 mm.
VIDEO: Installation of flat roofs from guided materials
The entire scope of work can be conditionally divided into several stages. Mastic is pre-prepared or purchased. It is not worth melting the resin on your own, as this is quite dangerous. Also homemade has an unpleasant odor.
Although some argue that it is not necessary to glue a roll rolled out on a flat surface, we recommend using sizing so that they are not blown away by the wind. Fasteners can be made with rails with a half-meter step.
We select the overlap depending on the existing slope of the roof. For a large slope, it is enough to overlap 7-8 cm, and for a small one it is worth providing an overlap of up to 20 cm. Thus, water cannot penetrate under the rolled rolls. The material is cut to the desired length in advance.
The following overlapping technologies are relevant:
The following methodology is applied:
As with a traditional product, when working with a Euro variety, you must first prepare the base. Since it is used mainly for repairs, the old coating is first dismantled, then it is cleaned of residues, a primer is applied (primed) and allowed to dry for several hours.
Hot Mount
They try on and adjust euroroofing material exclusively along a vertical line.
The installation itself can be done in two main ways:
At the ends, the width of the overlap is not more than 150 mm, on the sides - not more than 80 mm.
All work is carried out by at least 2 specialists who already have experience in such installation. You can watch the video in more detail about the technology.
At quality material and compliance with the technology, the roof will last 10-15 years.
VIDEO: How to lay euro roofing material on the roof
Their popularity continues to hold on enough high level. After all, laying roofing material on the roof wooden house, bathhouse, shed or garage - the process is easy and fast. Only two people can complete it, and the price of this material captivates with its availability. It is for these reasons that owners of small country or village houses most often lay roofing material on the roof.
In order for the roof covered with roofing felt to last as long as possible, it is necessary to pay as much attention as possible to the crate of the roof itself.
Since roofing felt is a flexible material, it can be damaged even by minor loads. For example, a cap of snow lying on the roof. And not so much in winter, but during the spring snowmelt - in those days when the snow cap slides down the slope of the roof.
A roof covered with tar paper does not require winter shoveling, so it will have to carry the load of the entire cap of snow all winter.
For this reason, it is recommended to arrange not so much a crate of boards (as is often done in increments of 10-15 cm), but a continuous underlayment of sheets of plywood, chipboard, OSB boards or similar materials. In a word, for the correct laying of the roofing material, it is necessary to exclude even the possibility of deflection of the roofing material itself between the boards of a non-continuous crate.
Depending on the slope of the roof, the roofing material is laid in several layers - from two to, in some cases, five.
The greater the slope of the roof of a wooden house, the fewer layers of roofing material must be laid. That is, if the slope is quite steep (30-45 o), then you can easily get by with two layers - the underlying and the outer.
But if the roof surface tends to be more horizontal, then the number of layers must be increased. So for a slope of 15-20 about, you need to lay 2, and preferably 3 layers.
The technology of laying roofing material on pitched roof can be done in one of three ways. But no matter which method you choose, you need to keep in mind that you should leave the overhangs of the roofing material sheets to the sides, so that later they overlap on the gables and close the ends of the roof.
Depending on the roof area of a wooden house, it may well turn out that the length of each sheet will be enough to cover both sides of the roof at once.
If the length of one sheet is not enough to cover both sides of the roof at once, then each roof slope is covered separately, and the roofing material sheet is overlapped through the ridge, 20-30 centimeters in each direction.
When laying the roofing material, they move from the bottom up, and the roof ridge is covered with one sheet of roofing material with an overlap on both sides of the roof at once.
The edges of the sheets of roofing material are fixed with wooden slats or a strip of metal. The use of slats to secure the laid roofing material is not always justified, since over time the slats can begin to harass, and as a result, in some places they simply stop pressing the roofing material to the roof. Water begins to flow into these places, the wind blows garbage, sand, dust, dry leaves from trees there. As a result, the process of decay begins, and roofing starts to need repairs.
Often, wooden slats are used for laying roofing felt over an old shingle coating on rustic wooden houses. In such cases, the rail perfectly presses the roofing material to the irregularities of such a coating.
Therefore, for new houses with flat roof slopes, metal tapes - steel or aluminum - are more often used.
Also overlaps of sheets of roofing material on each other can be additionally coated with preheated mastics or bitumen for gluing them together.
In order to repair leaky places on the roof of a wooden house covered with roofing material, you need to perform only a few simple steps.
What you need to have available:
Bituminous mastic, a roll of roofing felt, a carpenter's knife or scissors, a brush with hard bristles, a hammer, nails and pliers.
Sometimes, after completing all the measures to clean the problem areas, dry the bubbles and remove the rails, tapes and nails, the entire roof is simply re-covered over the old roofing material, but in this case it is better to remove the old roofing material completely.
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Ruberoid has long been widely used not only as a waterproofing layer in general design roofs, but also as the main roofing material. Its use for roofing is especially relevant in cases where the need to create or repair a roof is very acute, and the owner of the house is short of money. It is also suitable for outbuildings that are invisible to the outside eye. In any case, if you have to resort to using such material precisely as the main roof, then the question arises - how to fix the roofing material to a wooden roof and other foundations.
Most often, gazebos, as well as outbuildings are covered with this roofing. But, in fairness, it should be noted that high-quality roofing material has no less operational resource than some modern roofing materials. However, how long it will be able to reliably protect the building from external atmospheric influences will depend not only on right choice coating, but also from compliance with the technology of its laying on a certain basis.
The process of choosing this roofing material must be approached with the utmost responsibility, since there are many varieties of it on sale, and it is important to choose exactly the option that is ideal for flooring on a wooden roof base.
Roofing material can be made on the basis of roofing paper or fiberglass, which are impregnated with refractory bitumen on both sides. Many types of such rolled material can have a protective coating on the outside in the form of medium or fine abrasive chips.
Ruberoid different types has its own label and performance characteristics, depending on which it can be used in a particular area of construction, as well as in different qualities, that is, in the role of the main roof or only to create an additional one for it.
Consider a few various materials, which are called general concept"ruberoid":
Tol is made on the basis of roofing paper, which is impregnated with tar shale or coal products, and is used as a waterproofing and roofing coating. However, only in comparison with other rolled materials, which are referred to as "roofing material", it has significantly lower performance and durability, and is most often used in the arrangement of temporary buildings that are not designed for a long period of use. At present, manufacturers have almost completely abandoned the manufacture of this material due to its impracticality - more modern and durable analogues have come to replace it.
The service life of this roll material, declared by the manufacturer, is usually about 15 years.
ruberoid
Granite chips or quartz sand are used to sprinkle the outer side of the paintings. Thanks to production innovations, the density of Rubemast exceeds that of a conventional roofing material by almost 5 times.
The upper mineral dressing of the material serves not only to protect the lower layers from mechanical influences, but also performs decorative functions, since stone or sand chips of various colors can be used for it.
It should not be assumed that the name "Euroruberoid" means exactly the import production of the material. It is, rather, a "collective image", more talking about the high quality of such a roofing. And it can also be produced here: a vivid confirmation of this - the widest range high-quality roll materials of the TechnoNIKOL company.
The advantages of "liquid roofing material" include the fact that after drying it forms a seamless monolithic coating that will reliably protect the roof from leakage.
The mixture has high adhesion with any surfaces and is applied in two to three layers, with time intervals of one to two hours. Complete drying of the coating occurs in a day.
The advantages of all types of roofing material include the versatility of the material, as it is suitable for covering roofs installed at different slopes and having different designs. It is not difficult to lay roofing material on your own, since it is not particularly heavy and has good elasticity. When repairing a roof with a ruberoid roof, you do not have to dismantle the entire coating - it will be enough to remove only the damaged area, and then lay a new sheet.
A few words need to be said separately about the outer top coating of the material in order to give a general idea of \u200b\u200bwhat it is like. As you know, in addition to a smooth surface, roofing sheets can have four types of protective coatings made of mineral materials - these are coarse-grained, fine-grained, scaly and dusty.
Ruberoid- this is a rolled material, which was a bitumen-impregnated base (paper, cardboard), with then applied outer and inner cover layers, intended for waterproofing roofs or building structures. Depending on the specific purpose, it can be produced in various densities, with or without a variety of toppings.
Standard form of release of roofing material- rolls 1000 mm wide (there are standards 750 or 1050 mm), 10 or 15 meters long. One of the varieties of roofing material - glassine, used as a lining material (without cover layers), most often has 20 meters per roll.
It is easy to learn about the characteristics of the material by its labeling. According to the existing GOST, it consists of an alphanumeric designation, for example, RKK-350. We understand in more detail:
Numerical indicator speaks of the density of the basis of the material, expressed in grams per square meter. The higher it is, the greater the tensile strength of the material.
In construction practice, the so-called "euroroofing material" is often used. Its main difference- fiberglass, fiberglass or polyester base (corresponding marking - "T", "X", "E"). The second and third letters indicate the type of external and internal coating ("K" - coarse-grained, "P" - polymer film). The digital designation indicates the density of the material (kilogram per square meter).
How to put roofing felt on the roof? Before purchasing the material, you need to decide which number of layers will fit. There can be no question of one layer - even on a roof with a large slope angle there should be at least two of them. When installing roofing material on a horizontal roof, you can think of three layers, although it all depends on the condition of the base and the quality of the purchased material.
For the lower, lining layer, roofing material of the RPP or RKP brand should be used, so that you do not have to perform unnecessary work to remove the granular powder. Sometimes glassine is used for the backing layer, however, it does not differ in tensile strength.
The top layer is best done with dense stamps with external dressing. good option there will be a "euroroofing material" "T" or "E". It has a high density and good covering qualities.
How much does it cost to cover a roof with roofing material? Focusing on the coverage area, the number of planned layers and the choice of brand, you can calculate in advance roofing material cost. Do not forget that each canvas overlaps with an overlap of 100 mm.
After acquisition the right amount rolls and before the start of roofing work, they are stored only in a vertical position - laid horizontally under their weight can cause strong sticking of the layers.
For proper installation of roofing material on the roof, as well as for possible additional sealing of the seams, special mastic is required (a kind of “glue” for roofing material). It can be purchased ready-made - it is produced on a bitumen, bitumen-rubber or acrylic base, it can be hot or cold applied. However, the price of such materials is quite high, and many craftsmen prefer to make mastic on their own.
In principle, this process is simple. Self made mastic can also be cold or hot applied.
Exists several options for soft roofing. Consider, for example, a flat horizontal roof with a solid base and a wooden roof with a slope.
If "euro roofing material" is used for the roofing of the roof, then mastic is not needed for its installation. Its inner surface has the necessary bitumen adhesive layer, covered with a polymer film. Via gas burner the roofing material is heated until the film melts, then it is laid in the same way as on the mastic. It is advisable to “boil” the joints additionally, after laying, or glue them with mastic.
Working on roof slopes will require special care and the use of improvised devices (hooks, hooks, etc.) to prevent heavy rolls from falling down and tearing or jamming the web.
And this video shows how to properly cover the roof with roofing felt on a wooden crate.
Unfortunately, over time soft roof problem areas may appear, especially if errors or negligence were made during its installation. In places where air accumulates or on loose seams, the roofing material begins to dry out, crack, and the roof may leak. Roofs need to be inspected regularly. to carry out repairs on time.
Damaged areas are thoroughly cleaned of dirt, dust and top loose coating. The sections of the roofing material that have lost their elasticity are removed, the bubbles swollen from water or air are cut crosswise. The surface must be thoroughly cleaned and dried. Then the opened fragments are glued with mastic, and a wide patch of fresh roofing material is applied on top, completely covering the damaged area. Care must be taken to carefully seal its edges in order to prevent water from leaking.
Sometimes leaks occur at the joints of the roof with vertical structures (walls, parapets, pipes). In this case, in addition to replacing the damaged section of the roofing material, it is desirable to close the joints with metal tides.
Video on how to cover the roof with roofing felt.
Price per roofing when laying ruberoid on the roof - the value is not constant, it depends on the material, the number of layers, the complexity of the roof configuration, the quality of the initial state of the coating, etc.
If the owner of the house carefully considers all the necessary measures, carefully familiarizes himself with the technology, enlists the help of friends, then he will be quite capable of carrying out such work on his own.
Costs are expressed only in the acquisition necessary materials and tools, which will provide significant savings.
