Cinder block is a modern analogue of many natural building materials. IN Lately is very popular with summer residents and owners country houses, as it has a lot of advantages, including low price and low weight, all the more so from a cinder block you can build any type of building alone - from a small shed to a bathhouse or a residential building. Of course, this material has its drawbacks, but they can be quickly eliminated by additional facing works.
The peculiarity of this building material is that, if necessary, it can be made independently at home. For example, when you have a limited budget or just need blocks of non-standard sizes. In this article, we will talk about the technology for the production of cinder blocks with our own hands, about the basic requirements, rules and nuances of manufacturing, and also give a couple of tips and recommendations.
Cinder block - a material that is made by vibrocompression of a concrete solution, has a rectangular shape with technological voids inside (up to three) various shapes, standardized size 18.8x19x39 cm.
There are blocks without voids - they are called full-bodied. They are much less common, since hollow cinder blocks are cheaper and have better thermal and sound insulation characteristics. The volume of voids does not exceed 30% of the total volume of each unit.
You can often hear that if you use top quality cement in the manufacture of cinder blocks, then you can build a reliable foundation for a bathhouse or a house from home-made blocks. But this is not so, because the blocks for the base must withstand heavy loads. Therefore, for the construction of a bathhouse or a residential building, we recommend that you still purchase raw materials in a specialized building market or replace them with foam blocks.
When making cinder blocks at home, you will need a special mold, ideally made of metal, in order to use it for several cycles in a row, and a special vibrating machine. It is also best if you have a drawing of the blocks themselves, because without it you can get absolutely not what you originally wanted.
If you wish, you can change the parameters of the standard drawing, depending on the type of building and the goal you want to achieve.
For home production you will need:
On average, one bag of cement is enough to produce 36 standard-sized cinder blocks.
The most important characteristic of a quality material is its geometry. They must have perfectly even edges, otherwise, if there are defects, irregularities, and so on, it will be impossible to lay. In order to achieve ideal geometry, it is necessary to pour the solution into the mold not just to the brim, but with a small “slide”, since the solution will shrink a little during vibration.
First you need to understand that there is no perfect recipe for mixing mortar. Each master is able to change the ratio of the ingredients included in the composition, but if you are creating cinder blocks for the first time with your own hands, then you should adhere to the standard composition:
Expanded clay, clay, gypsum, gravel, perlite and many other analogs can be used as the main filler instead of blast-furnace slag. But there is one important rule- if slag is chosen as the main filler, then the addition of other additives is strictly not recommended.
Special attention given to the amount of water in the mixture. The solution should not be too liquid or vice versa.
Also, 5 grams of a plasticizer can be added to the mixture for each block, which will help increase the thermal performance, protect the material from moisture and low temperatures.
If you would like to get colored cinder blocks, then you can add a little chalk or crushed brick to the solution.
In order to verify the quality, you can conduct a simple test: take a little solution in your hand, crumple it into a ball and throw it on a flat surface. If it crumbled from a collision, but upon reverse compression, it regained the shape of a circle - such a mixture can be safely used in construction.
In case you are not planning large-scale construction works, the construction of a multi-storey building and so on, blocks can be created without vibrocompression.
Assembling a form is not a difficult process. The form is made of wood or metal, its dimensions must correspond to the dimensions of the future cinder blocks, on average it is 40x20x20 or 39x18.8x19 cm.
The design consists of a bottom and side walls. The edges of the mold are made from sheets of metal 5-6 mm thick. The walls are welded together or notches are made in the transverse and longitudinal walls with a grinder, with the help of which they are attached.
If desired, and also in order to speed up the process, you can assemble a form with several cells 2,3,4 and even 6 or 8. To do this, just increase the length and width of all faces and install additional partitions between the cells.
To create hollow blocks, cylinders made of wood or metal are attached to the bottom using ordinary hardware (screws or nails), usually 2-3 pieces. To save money and make your work easier, you can use ordinary empty bottles instead of cylinders.
If you use wood as the walls of the form, then they must be painted without fail oil paint so that the solution does not stick to the wood.
Ideally, for the cinder block production process, find a secluded room with a good ventilation system, a flat floor and dry air.
Step-by-step instruction for the production of blocks using the form:
The solution is left for 5-6 hours, after which the bottles are removed, and the blocks themselves are left in the form for another day. After the blocks are taken out and stored in stacks in a dry place inaccessible to sunlight. Dry them for 28 days, so that the solution completely hardens and gains its ultimate strength.
In order to prevent cracking and other deformations, the blocks must be sprayed with a small amount of water for the first few days, after which they should be wrapped with a layer of plastic film.
The vibrating machine allows you to speed up and facilitate the production of cinder blocks at times, but the price of such a unit is not quite small. So for single use better machine do not buy or assemble it yourself, although in this case you will need some knowledge in electrical and engineering.
The price of a machine depends on three main factors: manufacturer, power and productivity.
Here are 3 simple steps production of blocks at home using a vibrating machine:
Within a week (5-7 days), the blocks are dried, and their complete hardening occurs no earlier than a month later.
Cinder blocks are stored in pyramidal piles up to one hundred units in each pile.
Despite the fact that wood and brick are leaders in the construction markets, many craftsmen have learned to save money by making inexpensive, but quality material- cinder block. Landlords are attracted simple technology production. A machine for making cinder blocks at home can be bought at any construction market. By adhering to the recipe, it is possible to produce blocks of fairly decent quality without much difficulty in a short time.
Along with building materials such as expanded clay concrete and foam concrete, cinder block is in great demand due to its ease of production, good sound-absorbing and heat-insulating characteristics, as well as low cost. In addition, the construction of buildings is carried out very quickly, since they have the correct geometric shapes. A cinder block can be easily made by hand if there is a need to build small outbuildings or residential buildings. Of course, if you need a lot of building material, then it is best to purchase ready-made mounting blocks, since you can make them yourself in in large numbers would be quite problematic. This is due to the peculiarities of the manufacture of blocks and the duration of the aging of concrete, since at least 28 days must pass from the start of production to its full readiness (provided that the finished products are properly stored).
The technology for the production of cinder blocks involves the use as the main component of the composition of waste products of combustion - ash and slag. However, as practice shows, many manufacturers prepare a working mixture using (in certain proportions) a fine fraction of crushed stone, crushed stones and bricks, crushed gravel, expanded clay, sawdust, perlite and other components. This is done to save materials and reduce the cost of blocks, which naturally leads to a deterioration in the characteristics of the material.
The production of cinder blocks allows the use of a material such as expanded clay, since in its characteristics and structure it is in many ways similar to ash components. The composition of the mounting blocks includes sand, cement (it is recommended to use the M500 grade) and water. Ready concrete block it should turn out to be strong and withstand loads well, for which all kinds of plasticizers and various additives are added to the solution, which also contribute to the speedy setting of concrete.
To properly prepare a working solution, you need to know the proportions of the components:
Making such a solution on your own is very problematic and expensive, for which the proportions and composition of the components are somewhat simplified. For this purpose, the solution is prepared as follows:
Such a composition is considered the most optimal and affordable. Water must be taken 0.5 parts. Also, the technology for preparing a working solution provides for the possibility of not using sand, so slag and cement must be taken in a ratio of 9: 1.
Foreman's advice: for the preparation of the mortar, it is allowed to use cements of the M400 and 500 grades. If the M500 grade is used, then this cement can be used approximately 15% less than the M400, which will also save a little on the consumables.
As such a machine, a vibrating table is usually used, on which forms are laid and all components are compacted. Usually this process takes about 7-10 minutes, after which the molds can be removed and placed in a cool place until the mortar sets. Avoid direct sunlight on the concrete, as the product may crack.
Mounting blocks can be made with voids or solid. In production, void formers of various shapes are used. If you are making blocks by hand, you can use glass bottles, wooden beams, or scraps of metal pipes as void formers.
It is allowed to use finished products within 3-5 days from the moment of production start. However, it should be remembered that in such a short period of time concrete does not have time to acquire the necessary strength. Therefore, it is better to prepare the blocks for the future, because they are considered completely ready for masonry only 28 days after the start of hardening.
Among the many building materials there are so-called "old-timers", which include cinder block. It is the progenitor of all modern building blocks, which have recently gained unprecedented popularity. According to the production technology, this material is obtained in the process of vibrocompression of a solution in a special form.
In this article you can find
It contains slag, waste after burning coal, ash, screenings of crushed stone, sand, gravel, sawdust and many other things that are in the region of your residence. It is noteworthy that the cinder block can be produced independently, there would be a desire and a small amount for the purchase of equipment and mortar components.
As already mentioned, a variety of materials can act as its raw material, so there are several kneading recipes. But the main component of the cinder block is cement. A filler, a plasticizing additive are added to it, and all this is diluted with water to the required consistency. If you change the components, you get lightweight concrete wood concrete. Includes: wood, cement and a number of chemical additives.
Usually, Portland cement M 400 is taken for such a solution. If there is another, then it can also be used, only it will be necessary to maintain other proportions to prepare the composition. In the case of choosing a cement of a lower grade, its percentage should be increased by 15%, and when using concrete best quality you can add less.
What wall vibropressed blocks look like can be found in this
Available materials are used as fillers: ash, sawdust, brick scrap, crushed stone, gravel, sand and other construction waste and more. Their choice depends on the required cost of production and the quality of the future cinder block.
On the video - the production of cinder block technology:
The plasticizing additive is not a mandatory component, but its presence in the solution is desirable.
On the video - cinder block production technology, proportions:
The process of producing a cinder block is not difficult, but it is laborious, it will take a lot of physical effort. Especially at first, until production is debugged.
On the video - the production of cinder blocks with your own hands:
Not everyone can make a machine on their own, so a variety of models with different characteristics are on sale.
The most popular unit is "MARS". He combines best option value for money. Its mobility and performance have been appreciated by many builders. The unit has small dimensions and several variations. There are models with many functions or only one. After it, cinder blocks with round and square voids, thin-walled and other versions can be obtained. 
Vibrating machine 1 X is suitable for home conditions. This is the miniature version industrial units for the production of cinder block. It has three configurations: universal, standard and special (designed for the production of three types of blocks). Its weight is only 45 kg, so many people buy the device because of its mobility. But, despite its small size, this crumb can produce up to 70 pieces of blocks per hour. 
An interesting representative of vibropress. It can produce four blocks in one cycle. This unit is characterized by high performance and reliability. When using it, there are no problems, it does not require additional investments and frequent repairs. 
The Comanche 34 pays for itself within days. Especially its acquisition is beneficial for those who produce cinder blocks for sale. It is capable of producing 30 to 120 blocks per hour. Its weight is 160 kg. It provides for changing the sizes of blocks by readjusting equipment.
And the features of their application are indicated in the article.
Cinder block - reliable construction material, which has long been widely used due to its low cost and good, even in comparison with modern materials, specifications. The manufacturing technology is clear and simple and can be used to produce these blocks at home.
A cinder block is a conventional name for a building block, which is produced using the technology of vibrocompression of a concrete solution in molds. Today, along with foam block and gas block, this building material is very popular in the construction industry.
In this article we will talk about the features of the manufacture of this product, about what composition of the mixture for cinder blocks is used by most modern manufacturers and what equipment is needed to produce such wall stone.
The composition of the solution for cinder block includes the following components:
However, if we talk about real production, then the composition of the mixture for the cinder block may be somewhat different. It can include any components that are the most accessible for a particular region.
For example, it can be chipped brick, screening of crushed stone (granite or ordinary stone), sand, gravel, processed sawdust, perlite, expanded clay, sand and gravel mixture and other materials that can be used as aggregate.
Naturally, such changes in the composition are aimed at reducing the cost of building materials, however, with a competent approach, they do not worsen the quality of the final product.
To date, the production of cinder block is partially or fully automated. The material is produced on equipment lines that allow the production of building blocks consistently high volumes.
Related articles:
Instructions for the manufacture of building materials of this type include the following steps:
Advice!
The solution is prepared in a concrete mixer or mixer, but it is quite possible to prepare it manually with shovels using any container.
In order to prepare a rigid mixture, considerable physical effort will be required.
The process of vibrocompression on average lasts from 20 to 30 seconds. If we are talking about a simple vibropress, which is not equipped with reinforced clamping, then the vibrocompression time can stretch up to 90 seconds.
Advice!
A prerequisite for curing cinder block is high humidity.
Otherwise, curing may turn into a drying process, which will significantly reduce the strength of the product.
In the event that you use concrete setting accelerators in production, the strength gain of the products will occur faster. After that, the product must be laid out on pallets, where further strength development will take place.
Now let's look at the proportions of the composition of the cinder block. Due to the rather simple manufacturing technology, this material can be quite successfully produced at home. Naturally, you are unlikely to make a business on this, but the product will be enough for domestic needs.
In most cases, the proportions and composition of the cinder block are the same as in the manufacture of conventional cement mixture. The only fundamental difference here is the replacement of crushed stone with slag.
So, the composition for the production of cinder blocks includes components in the following proportions:
Advice!
For the production of cinder blocks, cement grade M400 should be used.
If you use M500 cement for this purpose, then it can be added to the solution by 10-15% less.
For the industrial production of cinder blocks, manufacturing as a business, special metal containers, vibrating tables and presses are used, which compress the concrete mixture in molds with a force of several tons.
However, in domestic conditions, such equipment for the production of cinder blocks is not used, and therefore the form can be made of wood. There are a great variety of designs and types of this product. In fact, this is the formwork into which it is poured cement mortar. Its main purpose is to hold the product until the solution hardens.
A few tips for mold making:
Advice!
Better to use instead of bottles wooden bars(square holes will turn out) or cuttings of steel pipes.
They are attached to the bottom of the form, securely fixed.
How to make the composition of the mortar for laying a cinder block worries all novice builders who decide to lay out their own house on their own. There are several types of such composition.
You can use several options for the solution:
The proportions of the solution are different, it all depends on different cases. For this reason, plays an important role:
Also worth considering:
The material is very popular and there are reasons for this:
The amount of raw materials must be clarified with professionals in this field.
There are standard mixes of mortar for laying cinder blocks, which are most often used in construction.
More:
How to make a mortar for laying cinder block? Below is an example of another fairly simple and standard masonry mortar:
Stages of work:
Solutions for laying cinder block:
All these solutions can be made independently:
Before proceeding with the manufacture of a mortar for laying cinder blocks, it is worth evaluating the advantages of ready-made solutions.
More.
Examples of ready-made adhesive solutions for laying cinder blocks:
Worth considering:
Before choosing a means for laying a cinder block, you need to take care of the convenience and ease of preparation. For some non-professionals, it is better to give preference to ready-made powders that are simply diluted with the addition of water, watch the video on the topic.
