Mounting the Mauerlat on aerated concrete is quite simple. The primary role is played by the careful preparation of all components: wooden beams, fasteners, reinforcement cage, reliable waterproofing. Let's look at the order of work.
Before directly attaching the Mauerlat, the base should be prepared. Reinforcing belt- a prerequisite for the arrangement of the roof, if the walls are made of aerated concrete or any similar material.
Reinforced concrete strapping belt prevents punching of aerated concrete blocks and allows you to evenly distribute the dynamic and static forces coming from the roof, completely on the wall area.
The minimum size of the concrete tape is 200x150 m. It is attached from the inner surface of the wall.
Installation steps:
Important: at the stage of preparation for the start of work, builders are required to calculate the number of studs and the future distance between them. The points of attachment of the wooden structure to the rafters and the points of connection with the reinforcing belt should be placed in different places. Check that the number of rafter legs and studs is the same.
Bars are processed before installation antiseptics preventing wood decay. A log or beam with a section of 100x100 mm or 150x150 mm is wrapped with a waterproofing material. For this purpose, bitumen-polymer waterproofing material. Ruberoid is not used.
High-quality materials will create a solid construction. The tree should not have knots and cracks. Humidity must comply with building codes.
If the builder uses "raw" wood, it should be possible to adjusting the anchor nut.
This operation is performed once a year for 5 years. During this period, intensive shrinkage of wet wood occurs. As the bars dry, it will be necessary to tighten the nut less and less.
In this photo you can clearly see one of the ways to mount the Mauerlat on aerated concrete walls.
Use an anchor with a washer and a nut. Anchor shape: T- and L-shaped. Thread: M12 or M14. According to international building codes, in seismic areas between adjacent anchors, the step should not exceed 1 - 1.2 m.
Procedure:
Great option installing a Mauerlat on aerated concrete has only one drawback - high cost. 1 anchor and a special dowel with a harpoon costs more than 3 thousand rubles.
Another video on how to fix the Mauerlat to aerated concrete.
Another method is used to firmly fix the Mauerlat in aerated concrete walls. It will take chemical capsule. Its cost is much lower - 150 rubles. for a unit.
Reliable fixation of the structure is achieved due to the penetration of chemicals into the pores of the material. Additionally, the concrete surface receives heat and waterproofing.
After installing the Mauerlat on aerated concrete, proceed to roof structure installation. There are two ways.
The support bar has a length of 1 m. The second option is suitable for rafters with a low height.
Fastening of the tie bar can only be carried out after accurate calculations and preparation quality materials. Buying bars of inadequate quality with high humidity can lead to a violation of the strength of the structure.
To attach the Mauerlat to an aerated concrete wall, use anchors with special dowels or a chemical installation method. Be sure to complete thermal insulation of the reinforcing belt made of extruded polystyrene foam.
Compliance with the requirements will allow you to securely fix the Mauerlat and create a solid truss structure.
Aerated concrete, as well as foam concrete, has a porous structure, which causes some difficulties when installing Mauerlat. Since the installation of a Mauerlat is mandatory on buildings erected from foam concrete, aerated concrete, and so on, a number of methods for attaching a Mauerlat to such materials are given below.
Since the Mauerlat helps to keep the roof on the walls of the building, it must be securely fixed to them.
You can fasten the Mauerlat to aerated concrete in the following ways:
In the first and second methods, reinforcement with a diameter of at least 6 mm is used, which is placed in a constructed gutter and poured with concrete. The pouring of concrete for the armored belt must be done at a time without interruption around the entire perimeter bearing walls building.
Before pouring the armored belt with concrete, it is necessary to attach anchor bolts to its frame. Bolts can be fastened with knitting wire or using welding machine. The number of anchor bolts must not be less than the number of rafters. After installing the bolts and pouring the armored belt in a couple of days, when the concrete gets stronger, you can install the Mauerlat.
In no case is it allowed to interrupt the armored belt, since its fastening effect is completely lost and it will not remove the bursting load from the walls from the weight of the roof.
Anchor bolts must be installed exactly along the thread so that they are in the middle of the Mauerlat beam. Regardless of the method of fastening the Mauerlat, waterproofing material must be laid under it.
For the construction of the armored belt, the following materials will be required:
The arrangement of the armored belt consists of the following stages:
If a wooden formwork is used to make an armored belt, then the lower beams with which it was fastened to its walls remain in concrete. This fact does not affect the quality of the belt in any way, so you don’t have to worry about it. Concrete for the armored belt can be made independently or purchased ready-made - this will facilitate its arrangement.
For the manufacture of wooden formwork under the armored belt, you will need the following materials:
Also, for convenience, instead of a hammer and nails, you can use a screwdriver with wood screws.
The construction of wooden formwork for the armored belt is carried out as follows:
In cases where the construction of the armo-belt is impossible, the Mauerlat is fastened in the following ways:
To fix the Mauerlat with mechanical anchors, you will need the following tools:
Fastening the Mauerlat with mechanical anchors consists of the following steps:
Using wedge anchors, you can safely and quickly install the Mauerlat. The only disadvantage of this method of fastening the Mauerlat is the price of anchors approximately from 2500 rubles a piece.
The advantage of chemical anchors is that they do not create a bursting effect as in mechanical ones, this feature allows the use of their fragile materials such as aerated concrete, shell rock, etc.
To install the Mauerlat with chemical anchors, the following tools are required:
Instead of a compressor, you can use a special pump to clean the hole from debris.
The method of fixing the Mauerlat chemically consists of the following steps:
The number of chemical anchors should at least correspond to the number of rafters. Holes for the Mauerlat must be drilled in the middle of the block with a depth of 70% of its height.
It is also not recommended to welding work with the metal part of the chemical anchor, as high temperature destroys the composition of the polymer resin. The chemical anchor has a long service life of more than fifty years and high weather resistance.
One of the most important nuances technology for building a house from aerated concrete is the Mauerlat mount. The characteristics of the blocks do not allow to withstand high point loads; without taking structural measures, the walls will simply collapse. Properly executed fastening implies the laying of an armored belt, this stage is not recommended to be skipped. If it is impossible to organize it, the Mauerlat is in direct contact with the wall and fixed with wire, anchors, studs or dowels. The method is determined in advance; in the absence of experience, this type construction works it is better to entrust the experts.
Depending on the type of strapping scheme, one of two options for attaching the Mauerlat to aerated concrete is selected: pouring a monolithic reinforced concrete belt around the entire perimeter of the building or placing fixing elements directly into the masonry or blocks. The first method, in addition to ensuring maximum reliability, contributes to the redistribution of loads, levels the walls and protects them from deformations, including shrinkage. The presence of an armored belt is mandatory when building in areas with seismic activity, building houses from aerated concrete over one floor, using heavy roofing materials, complex shape of the roof.
The standard instruction for its bookmark includes the following steps:
You can proceed to the next stage of tying the Mauerlat to the walls of aerated concrete in a week. All formwork structures are removed (they are used when pouring a monolithic reinforced concrete pad around the entire perimeter and width, this design is typical for brickwork, but sometimes used for gas silicate houses). Further, on top of the upper side in contact with the future Mauerlat, 2 layers of waterproofing are laid or coated, this step cannot be skipped. Attachment points are marked on a well-dried wooden beam treated with antiseptics and fire retardants. The easiest way to do this is by attaching it to the armored belt over the studs and hitting it with a sledgehammer, the holes are drilled according to the diameter of the rods (at least 14 mm). After that, it remains only to attach the Mauerlat to the aerated concrete wall and tighten it with nuts or washers.
The final stages of the work are difficult to perform on your own, you will need the strength of at least 2 people. In addition to the main walls, the armored belt is mounted on any areas on which the roof elements are supported (for example, ridge racks or beds). In the absence of experience, it is worth watching video instructions on the topic "how to properly fix the Mauerlat." If it is necessary to eliminate errors that have arisen during the masonry process, it is better to contact specialists, at least for advice. Installation of rafters is possible only after all work on fixing the Mauerlat and checking the quality of the connections is completed.
Do-it-yourself laying of a monolithic tape is not always possible; in some cases, they resort to other methods of tying a beam. The easiest way is to lay 3-4 rows to the top of the steel wire between the blocks. Its length is selected taking into account the section of the Mauerlat: when folded in half, it should be enough for girth and twisting. The step depends on the distance between the truss structures. This option is often referred to when attaching a beam to a wall. one-story house from aerated concrete.
For light and small-sized buildings, a Mauerlat attachment for threaded studs made of galvanized or stainless steel is also suitable. They are mounted in masonry 1-2 rows before the upper edge, the minimum allowable penetration of such products into an aerated concrete wall is 2 times the height of the block. The standard length of the studs is within 1 m, the diameter is from 8 to 24 mm. If necessary, the protruding sections are then cut off.
Fastening the Mauerlat beam with wooden dowels is possible both when laying the armored belt and without it. They are long corks treated with antiseptics and well dried. They are mounted in an aerated concrete wall closer to the upper edge and connected to the Mauerlat by means of brackets. An alternative option is to lay them between the blocks, the number of pieces is not less than the number of rafters.
High reliability of fastening is provided with the help of anchors: mechanical or chemical. In the first case, the method consists in screwing expanding dowels with a cross section of 12-14 mm into aerated concrete. The second is in the use of chemical anchors (capsular or in the form of a tube with compounds based on polymer resins). The minimum depth of the hole to be laid is 2 rows of masonry.
The main advantage of anchoring is the ability to fix the Mauerlat without complex organizational measures in the process of laying gas blocks, it is quite easy to carry it out on your own. Nevertheless, top scores are observed in the most immovable hardware, that is, either laid down simultaneously with the armo-belt, or fixed with the help of chemical compounds (in the latter case, it is forbidden to carry out welding work near the joints). The disadvantages of the method include high cost: of all technologies, fastening without an armored belt will cost the most, and the more reliable it is, the higher the final costs will be.
Violations of the Mauerlat fastening technology during do-it-yourself work include:
When using raw wood, the Mauerlat is fixed with a nut, the reliability of the fasteners is periodically checked, and if necessary, they are tightened. This operation is carried out at least once a year for 4-5 years, until the end of shrinkage processes. A completely dried and well-established timber practically does not need to be tightened; it is examined for prevention purposes.
For a user uninitiated in capital construction, it is unlikely that it will be known what a Mauerlat is, what role it plays in building a structure, and so on. Therefore, the question of how the Mauerlat is attached to aerated concrete is generally misunderstood.
However, the use of such technology is a relevant and very effective solution. With it, you can solve a number of significant problems that can reduce the durability and strength of the structure.
More must be mentioned economical option implementation of the specified fastening method. If it is necessary to fasten the Mauerlat to aerated concrete without an armored belt, then in this case it is not a continuous armored belt that is poured, but concrete pillows are made in the right places. Such a mount for foam blocks is also quite reliable.
In the presence of a small house, as well as a slight roof pressure, a lightweight method can be used to fasten the walls of the cinder block with the Mauerlat beam - metal studs embedded in the wall. These are steel fasteners in the form of bolts with a base in the form of a square with sides of more than 5 cm.
If, when laying a cinder block, studs are embedded in the wall, they must be installed one or two rows to the top edge. The length of the stud should be sufficient to pass through the beam.
Subsequent fixation similar to fastening a mauerlat with a cinder block using anchor bolts.
Having decided on the method of fastening, it is necessary to calculate the fasteners and their location. If it is necessary to fix the Mauerlat to the gas block without an armored belt, then the first option is suitable - steel wire.
When arranging pitched roof installation of the truss system cannot be done directly on the walls of the building. Optional element, perceiving the loads from the rafters and transferring them to the walls, there will be a Mauerlat. Usually this is a special beam that is laid along the perimeter of the walls. Since it takes a serious load from the roof, it is very important to securely fix the Mauerlat on the wall. In the case of brick or concrete walls, everything is simple and clear. But how is the Mauerlat fastened to aerated concrete without an armored belt, because the gas block itself is quite loose and porous, therefore it cannot provide a strong fixation of the fastener? This is what we will talk about in our article.
Usually, the same material is used for the manufacture of the Mauerlat as for the truss system. Most often it is made from a wooden beam. However, if the truss system is made of metal, then this structural part can be made of a channel or an I-beam.
Usually this element is made of the following materials:
A bar or steel beam is attached to the walls. In this case, they can be used different ways mounts. Further, the rafter legs rest on the Mauerlat. They exert a load on this element, which, in turn, evenly distributing it, transfers it to the walls of the building. In addition, this beam holds truss system from displacement.
Important: since aerated concrete does not tolerate long-term point loads, gradually collapsing, it is recommended that a monolithic reinforced belt be erected on top of the walls before laying the Mauerlat.
However, there are ways to lay this structural element on aerated concrete walls without an armored belt. It is also worth remembering that the upper edge of the Mauerlat should be located at a height of at least 30-50 cm from the floor surface. This will ensure effective ventilation of the under-roof space, as well as facilitate inspection and repair of roof structures.
Mounting a Mauerlat to aerated concrete is much more difficult than to a brick wall.
Mounting a Mauerlat to aerated concrete is much more difficult than to a brick wall. As a rule, this product is laid at a distance of 50 mm from the outer edge of the wall. The following fasteners can be used to fasten the Mauerlat:
Important: for attaching the support beam to the reinforced belt or brick walls anchors are used.
After installing the timber, the rafter leg is attracted to the wall with the help of a twist made of twisted metal wire with a diameter of 3 mm. To fix the wire below the timber, a steel shorty is mounted 6 cm. Instead, the wire can be fixed to the floor slabs. When installing a complex roof, it is recommended to carry out a reinforced concrete belt, which will give the building additional rigidity and more evenly distribute the load from the roof onto the walls of the house.
To bind the individual parts of the Mauerlat into a single structure, an oblique cut is used, followed by fastening with nails, screws or bolts. Steel plates and staples are used to reinforce the corner parts of the structure.
If wire is used to fasten the Mauerlat, then this must be taken care of even at the stage of laying the walls. The wire must be laid in the tub of walls when performing the last few rows. At the same time, the following sequence of actions is followed:
Mounting the mauerlat to the wall of aerated concrete with studs is allowed when installing light roofs on small houses. The materials used to form the roofing pie should be as light as possible and not transfer significant loads to the rest of the structural parts of the building.
This technique is the best suited in the case when it is not possible to equip the armored belt. In such a situation, the timber itself will act as a reinforcing belt. This method causes rather controversial reviews of experts, but in practice it has proven itself very well, providing high reliability and stability of the roof.
To fix the beam to aerated concrete, you will need the following elements:
We perform the work in the following order:
If the studs are mounted in the armored belt, then we work as follows:
This product is also called liquid dowel, injection mass or glued anchor. In fact, it is an adhesive with high bonding characteristics, which is made on the basis of synthetic polymer resin. Thanks to the chemical anchor, it is possible to firmly fasten the metal rod and the base.
Important: unlike other fasteners, the liquid dowel does not create expansion stress in the material, which is especially dangerous for fragile aerated concrete at the edges of the walls.
Unlike mechanical anchors, the fixation of which is based on the use of friction forces and expansion of the dowel made of polymers, the chemical anchor is fixed due to the fact that the adhesive penetrates into the pores of aerated concrete to a considerable depth and firmly fixes the rod in the wall.
Installation of a chemical anchor is carried out in the following sequence:
Advantages of using a liquid dowel:
The only downside this method fixation lies in the fact that with a rod attached to a liquid dowel, welding cannot be performed, since the polymer material is destroyed by heating, and the fixation strength decreases.
This is a fairly common way to fix the timber to the walls. The anchor bolt consists of the following parts:
Fixation occurs due to the fact that at the moment of screwing the nut onto the rod, the spacer structure is deformed in such a way that it securely fixes the product in the hole drilled in the wall.
Work on the installation of a mechanical anchor is performed in the following order:
