Obsessive Compulsive Syndrome- a mental disorder that is episodic, progressive or chronic. This state is accompanied by the presence of disturbing and obsessive ideas, and special actions that allow these thoughts to be briefly driven away.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is accompanied by disturbing ideas that disappear immediately
Obsessive-compulsive disorder, also known as obsessive-compulsive disorder, manifests itself in alternating obsessions and compulsions. It is important that both of these signs of the disease are present.
The term "obsession" comes from the Latin word "obsessio", which means "siege, envelopment". So called obsessive, constantly recurring thoughts that cause anxiety in the patient.
Among the frequent topics that appear in patients during an obsession, there are:
The occurrence of an obsessive state causes anxiety in the patient, acute resistance. Trying to resist obsession, a person begins to perform compulsive actions.
The term "compulsion" comes from the Latin word "compulsio", and is translated as "compulsion". This is the name of special actions, rituals that help a person to distract from obsessive thoughts, images or ideas. Rituals can be both physical (example: constantly washing hands for fear of contamination) and mental (example: reciting prayers or spells to yourself).
Obsessions and compulsions manifest themselves in varying degrees in patients.
There are 3 main options for combining them:
Other symptoms of OCD, in addition to obsessions and compulsions, include:
One of the symptoms of OCD is memory loss.
Unlike schizophrenic states, which are accompanied by obsessions and thoughts, in OCD a person is clearly aware that obsessions come from himself. He also understands the pointlessness of compulsive rituals, but cannot fight them.
Obsessive compulsive disorder occurs as a result of 3 groups of factors:
To exacerbate impulsive-compulsive disorder lead to:
Exacerbation of obsessive-compulsive disorder causes "magical realism". This is the name given to the patient's belief in the ability to influence the world through spells, prayers or "magical" rituals.
The diagnosis of OCD is more common in impressionable, vulnerable, suggestible people. For this reason, women are given it almost 2 times more often than men.
It is impossible to completely cure obsessive-compulsive personality disorder at home. To smooth out this condition and reduce its manifestations on your own, you can try the following techniques:
Maintain a calm and measured lifestyle to avoid seizures
Massage, swimming, relaxing baths will help reduce anxiety. Sports and yoga, listening to relaxing music work well.
If you cannot get rid of compulsions and obsessions on your own, and the manic obsession of rituals begins to interfere in everyday life, you need to immediately or a psychiatrist.
If you ignore the need for treatment, OCD can seriously complicate life.
To establish the presence of OCD and determine what caused it, a psychotherapist or psychiatrist conducts the following diagnostic measures:
First, the diagnosis is clarified in consultation with a psychotherapist, and then additional examinations are prescribed.
After conducting all the groups of studies, the doctor can make a verdict, what caused the obsessive-compulsive disorder in a particular case, and whether the patient suffers from it at all.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder is treated with nootropics, symptomatic antidepressants medicines and psychotherapy.
To get rid of OCD, nootropics, antidepressants and psychostimulants are used. Symptomatic therapy is also used.
| Drug groups | Influence on obsessive states | Tool examples |
| Nootropics | Normalize blood circulation in the brain, improve memory, intelligence. They are used for organic brain lesions that cause an obsessive-compulsive state. | Picamilon, Nootropil, Phenibut |
| Psychostimulants | They neutralize organic lesions of the central nervous system, allow you to cope with organic pathologies of the brain that provoke OCD. | Vivanse, Ritalin, Dexedrine |
| tranquilizers | Relax, soothe, relieve stress, anxiety, fear and manifestations of depression. | Phenazepam, Hydroxyzine |
| natural sedatives | Relieve stress, soothe, deeply relax. Allows you to overcome the anxiety and fears that occur with OCD. Used as a symptomatic therapy, they also help to reduce stress and depression. |
Persen, Novo-passit, Valerian extract |
| Chemical sedatives | Corvalol, Bromocamphor Afobazole |
|
| Antipsychotic drugs | Increase concentration, relieve stress and overexertion, reduce anxiety. Used as symptomatic therapy. | Haloperidol, Quetiapine, Clozapine |
| Antidepressants | Stimulate the production of neurotransmitters, help overcome depressive states, accompanied by obsessive neurosis. | Melipramine, Trizadone, Fluoxetine |
| Vasodilator drugs | Restore cerebral circulation, expanding the vessels of the brain. Helps to cope with dementia and neurological pathologies that cause OCD. | Nitroglycerin, Lipoford, Mefacor |
| Potassium antagonists | Strengthen arteries and vascular walls, improve blood circulation in the brain, stimulate metabolism. Help with neurological disorders associated with OCD. | Nimodipine, Lomir, Cinnarizine |
| B vitamins | Strengthen the nerves, help to cope with stress, depression, anxiety. | Angiovit, Pentovit, Compligam B |
Preparation for strengthening the nervous system
To correct obsessive-compulsive syndrome caused by psychological and social factors, the following methods are used in psychiatry and psychology:
Classes can be held individually, together with the family or in groups. Depending on the symptoms, these methods can be combined or carried out singly. Also, techniques can be supplemented with hypnotic influence.
Unlike many other mental disorders, the prognosis for OCD is very good. Obsessive-compulsive disorder responds well to treatment. 70% of patients who applied for treatment to a psychotherapist successfully got rid of their illness in the first year after visiting a doctor.
Despite the possibility of a quick cure, in the absence of professional help, OCD significantly ruins the lives of patients. It often causes discord in relationships with friends and family life, often provokes problems in career activities.
OCD responds well to treatment, but sufferers should forget about certain specialties when applying for a job
The presence of the record "OKR" deprives a person of the opportunity to get into the army, takes away some employment opportunities.
More clearly and provide an understanding of the disease state will help examples.
A typical example of an obsessive-compulsive state would be the fear of infection. In the obsessional idea, the patient experiences anxiety when in contact with objects of public use and other people. Compulsion in this case is manifested by constant washing of hands, which each time lasts longer and longer.
Another variant of obsession can be an obsession with the “correct” arrangement of things. Asymmetry, lack of order, or discrepancy between the current arrangement of objects and the one that the patient considers “correct” causes him fear and discomfort. Compulsion in such cases is the “correct” arrangement of things.
In children, the disease often manifests itself in an obsession with forgotten objects and school supplies. Feeling constantly anxious about this, the child checks his backpack again and again to make sure that everything he needs is in place.
Strange thoughts come to mind with OCD
People with obsessive-compulsive disorder suffer from obsessive thoughts, which they try to drown out with no less obsessive actions. Used to get rid of OCD drug treatment and psychological therapy.
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Any mental disorder has an extremely negative effect on the state of the nervous system as a whole, such a disease quickly “looses” the stability of neuronal connections and affects all levels of the psyche.
Modern methods of treating neurotic disorders, including drug therapy, psychotherapy and auxiliary methods, can achieve a cure or significantly improve the condition of almost any mental illness, but for this it is extremely important to apply for medical care and strictly adhere to medical recommendations. It is especially important to start treatment in a timely manner for a disease such as obsessive-compulsive disorder or.
Or obsessive-compulsive disorder is a mental disorder in which patients periodically experience obsessive thoughts or actions.
Most often, they feel fear, anxiety and anxiety when certain thoughts arise and try to get rid of unpleasant experiences with the help of certain actions.
The severity of the patient's condition can vary significantly - from mild anxiety, which makes you come back and check whether the door is locked or whether the iron is turned off, to constant obsessive movements or the creation of complex rituals designed to protect from evil spirits.
Usually this disease develops from nervous exhaustion, stress, severe somatic illness or a long-term traumatic situation.
The risk factors for development also include heredity and character traits.
There are 3 forms of the disease:
For all forms of disorders, the patient is characterized by the inability to control his thoughts or behavior, increased anxiety, suspiciousness. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is equally common in both sexes and can develop in children older than 10 years.
Treatment of obsessive convulsive disorder should be carried out only by specialists. Often patients do not understand the severity of their condition or do not want to seek help from psychiatrists, preferring to be treated on their own or with the help of folk methods treatment. But such treatment can cause a sharp aggravation of the patient's condition or cause the development of a more severe nervous breakdown.
These methods can be used only in the mildest forms of the disorder, and if the patient has sufficient willpower and is able to control the treatment process himself. To do this, the patient must independently find out what exactly caused the development, clearly control his condition, noting when and why he has obsessive thoughts or movements, and also learn to “switch”, gradually crowding out these symptoms.
For the treatment and prevention of OCD, it is very important to improve the condition of the nervous system and the body as a whole. To this end, a number of activities are recommended. In addition to changing lifestyle, increasing sleep and rest time, proper nutrition and refusal bad habits, patients must learn to control the flow of their thoughts and clearly delineate responsibilities.
To do this, it is recommended to make a daily list of what needs to be done (it is necessary to make sure that the list does not turn into an obsession), be sure to do some kind of sport - active physical activity helps to “switch” thoughts and get rid of obsessive-compulsive movement neurosis and learn to relax .
Every patient suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder needs to spend 1-2 hours daily for an activity that helps relieve nervous tension and brings positive emotions. It can be dancing, listening to your favorite music, swimming, walking on fresh air, any hobby, the main thing is a complete switch and pleasure from the lesson.
Categorically not suitable for relaxation is watching TV or sitting at the computer. If patients do not have favorite activities and hobbies, it is recommended to simply spend an hour in the bathroom, lie down, listening to the sounds of nature, or take a walk in the nearest park.
Psychologist, psychotherapist.
obsessive-compulsive disorder(OCD) is a mental disorder characterized by intrusive, unpleasant thoughts that occur against the will of the patient (obsessions) and actions, the purpose of which is to reduce the level of anxiety.
To determine the severity of obsessive and compulsive symptoms, the following is used: (ed. note)
The ICD-10 describes obsessive-compulsive disorder (F42) as follows:
"The essential feature of the condition is the presence of repetitive or compulsive actions. Intrusive thoughts are ideas, images, or urges that come to the patient's mind again and again in a stereotyped form. They are almost always upsetting, and the patient often tries unsuccessfully to resist them. However, the patient considers these thoughts his own, even if they are involuntary and disgusting.
, or rituals, are stereotyped mannerisms that the patient repeats over and over again. They are not a way to have fun or an attribute of useful tasks. These actions are a way to prevent the occurrence of an unpleasant event that the patient fears might otherwise occur, harming him or them to another person. Usually such behavior is recognized by the patient as meaningless or ineffective and repeated attempts are made to resist it. Anxiety is almost always present. If compulsive actions are suppressed, anxiety becomes more pronounced.
Personal experience of Katerina Osipova. Katya is 24 years old, 13 of them she lives with a diagnosis of OCD: (ed. note)
OCD develops around the age of 4-5 years, when parents place the main emphasis in education on the fact that if a child does something, then he must do it correctly. The emphasis is on achieving excellence. Such a child was supposed to be an example for other children and receive praise and approval from adults. Thus, from childhood, such a person is under the yoke of parental instructions about what she should do and what she should not do. She is overwhelmed with duty and responsibility, the need to follow the rules that were once laid down by the parent. We can notice children around us who think and act like adults. As if they are in a hurry to grow up and take on adult responsibility. Their childhood ends too soon. From childhood, they try to do more or do better than other people have already done. And this way of acting and thinking remains with them into adulthood. Such children did not learn to play, they were always busy with business. Becoming adults, they do not know how to relax, rest, take care of their needs and desires. It often happens that one of the parents (or both) themselves had OCD, did not know how to relax and rest, devoting themselves to work or household chores. The child learns such behavior from them, tries to imitate his parents, considering this a kind of norm, "because it was customary in our family."
Obsessive-compulsive individuals are very sensitive to criticism. Because if they are criticized, it means that they failed to do faster, better, more, and therefore they cannot treat themselves well, feel good. They are perfectionists. They are very tense in order to have time to do everything that they have planned, and experience anxiety as soon as they realize that they have stopped doing something. important matter. They are especially anxious and guilty if they have any negative thoughts and reactions invading their work routine, and, of course, sexual thoughts, feelings and needs. They then use small rituals, such as starting to count to get away from invading thoughts, or doing their tasks in a certain order so that they gain control and alleviate their anxiety. Individuals with OCD expect equally high standards and excellence from other people, and can easily become critical when other people do not meet their high standards. These expectations and frequent criticism can cause great difficulties in personal relationships. Some relationship partners perceive OCD personalities as boring because they focus on work and have great difficulty relaxing, relaxing, enjoying themselves.
Frequent hand washing or the desire to constantly rub and wash something in the house; rituals to test and protect oneself from imaginary danger, which may include whole chains of actions (for example, to enter and exit the room correctly, touch something with the hand, take three sips of water, etc.) are also fairly common examples obsessive-compulsive disorder.
An obsessive-compulsive personality should be distinguished from a person with OCD, i.e. which one obsessive-compulsive disorder(compulsive disorder).
Because in the first, somewhat obsessive and ritualistic thinking and behavior may look like an anxious and suspicious trait of character and temperament, and especially not interfere with himself and those around him, close people.
In the second, overly obsessive OCD symptoms, such as fear of infection and frequent washing of hands, can significantly interfere with a person, both in personal and in public life. That, too, can negatively affect the immediate environment.
However, it should be remembered that the first can easily become the second.
OCD related symptoms:
Depressive disorder, anxiety and panic disorder, social phobias, eating disorders (anorexia, bulimia)…
The listed accompanying symptoms may be similar to OCD, therefore, a differential diagnosis is made, distinguishing other personality disorders.
Persistent (frequent) intrusive thoughts are ideas, images, beliefs, and ruminations that cause anxiety and distress and constitute obsessive personality disorder.
The most common obsessive thoughts are fear of infection, pollution or poisoning, harm to others, doubts about closing the door, turning off household appliances ... and so on.
Obsessive behavior, or ritual behavior (ritual can be mental) is a stereotyped behavior by which a person with a compulsive disorder tries to relieve anxiety or relieve distress.
The most common ritual behaviors are washing hands and/or objects, counting aloud or to oneself, and checking the correctness of one's actions...etc.
Usually, with severe OCD and with little motivation for a person to get rid of it, drug treatment is used, in the form of taking antidepressants and serotonin reuptake inhibitors, non-selective serotonergic drugs and placebo pills. (effect, usually short-lived, besides, pharmacology is not harmless)
For OCD sufferers for a long time, and usually highly motivated to cure, the best option there will be a psychotherapeutic intervention without medication (drugs, in some difficult cases, can be used at the beginning of psychotherapy).
However, those wishing to get rid of obsessive-compulsive disorder and its accompanying emotional and psychological problems should be aware that psychotherapeutic intervention is time-consuming, slow and expensive.
But those who have the desire, after a month of intensive psychotherapy, will be able to improve their condition to normal. In the future, to avoid relapses and to consolidate the results, supportive therapeutic meetings may be necessary.
