Floor slabs are called horizontal structures that perform the function of interfloor or attic partitions installed between the roof and top floor Houses. In modern construction, they usually resort to the installation of concrete floors, and it does not matter at all how many levels the building has. In this article, we will consider the types and sizes of floor slabs that are most often used on construction sites. These products make up the bulk of the products that are produced at the reinforced concrete plants.
Bearing structures are made of heavy or lightweight concrete, and their structure is reinforced with reinforcement, which gives strength to products. In today's market building materials all standard types of reinforced concrete slabs are presented, which can be divided into several categories depending on their width, length, weight, and other equally important parameters that affect the main characteristics of products.
The most common method for classifying concrete panels is to classify them according to their cross-sectional type. There are also several more distinctive characteristics, which we will definitely consider in our article.
These are one of the most common types of products manufactured at reinforced concrete factories, which are equally well suited for the construction of a private and multi-storey building. Also, multi-hollow PC products are widely used in the construction of massive industrial buildings, with their help they provide protection for heating mains.
Hollow-core floor slabs are characterized by the presence of voids A flat flat surface, which round-hollow reinforced concrete panels have, allows you to mount reliable ceilings between floors that can withstand impressive loads. This design is equipped with cavities with sections various shapes and diameter, which are:
Technological voids, which are filled with air during installation, are in high demand due to this feature, which indicates the advantages of just this configuration of blocks. The undeniable advantages of a PC include:
Reinforced concrete structures of this type can be conditionally divided into subgroups, and then we will tell you what round-hollow floors are and on what grounds they can be attributed to one or another subgroup. This information will be important for right choice material depending on the technological requirements of construction.
The slabs differ in the way they are installed: 1 PKT has three support sides, while 1 PKK can be laid on all four sides..
You also need to pay attention to the size internal voids- the smaller the diameter of the holes, the more durable and stronger the round-hollow panels. For example, samples 2PKT and 1 PKK have the same width, thickness, length and number of supporting sides, however, in the first case, the diameter of the hollow holes is 140 mm, and in the second, 159 mm.
As for the strength of products manufactured by factories, their performance is directly affected by the thickness, which on average is 22 cm. There are also more massive panels with a thickness of 30 cm, and when pouring lightweight samples, this parameter is observed within 16 cm, while In most cases lightweight concrete is used.
Separately, it is worth mentioning the bearing capacity of PC products. For the most part, PC hollow core slabs, according to generally accepted standards, withstand a load of 800 kg / m2. For the construction of massive industrial buildings, slabs made of stressed concrete are used, this parameter is increased to a design value of 1200-1250 kg / m2. The calculated load is a weight exceeding the same value of the product itself.
Manufacturers produce reinforced concrete panels in standard sizes, but sometimes the parameters can vary significantly. The length of PCs can vary between 1.5m - 1.6m, and their width is 1m, 1.2m, 1.5m and 1.8m. The lightest and smallest ceilings weigh less than half a ton, while the most massive and heavy samples weigh 4,000 kg.
Round-hollow structures are very convenient to use, because the developer always has the opportunity to select the material of the required size, and this is another secret of the popularity of this product. Having familiarized ourselves with the most common PC products, which include hollow core slabs, having considered their types and sizes, we suggest moving on to other products of a similar purpose.
These reinforced concrete structures got their name due to a special configuration with two longitudinal stiffeners, and they are used in construction non-residential premises and as load-bearing elements for laying heating plants and water supply networks. To strengthen reinforced concrete products at the stage of their pouring, reinforcement is carried out, which, coupled with a special shape, leads to savings in raw materials, gives them special strength and endows them with resistance to bending. It is not customary to install them as jumpers between floors for a residential building, since here you will have to face an unaesthetic ceiling, which is quite difficult to supply with communications and sheathe with cladding. There are also subspecies here, let's consider what differences the products within the same group have.
Ribbed plate construction is highly durable
First and main distinguishing feature U-shaped structures lies in their size, or rather, in terms of height, which is 30 or 40 cm. In the first case, we are faced with products that are used in the construction of public buildings and as jumpers between the top floor of the house and the attic. For massive large-sized commercial and industrial buildings, slabs with a height of 40 cm are usually chosen. The width of the ribbed floors can be 1.5 or 3 m (for more durable samples), and their weight varies between 1.5 - 3 tons (in rare cases up to 7 tons). Precast ribbed concrete slabs are characterized by the following lengths:
If it is necessary to obtain a particularly strong overlap between the floors of the house, they resort to the help of solid jumpers, since they can easily withstand a load of 1000-3000 kgf / m2, and they are used mainly in the installation of multi-storey buildings.
Solid jumpers allow you to mount a high-strength floor Such products have disadvantages, because their weight for relatively small dimensions is quite impressive: standard samples weigh from 600 kg to 1500 kg. They also have rather weak indicators of thermal and noise insulation, which does not allow them to adequately compete with hollow PC samples. The length of this type of panels ranges from 1.8 m to 5 m, and the thickness is 12 or 16 cm.
The previous and this types of panels have the same scope and are installed where there is a need to create a strong building that can withstand overload. Such a partition does not contain cavities and is created directly on the construction site according to the available accurate calculations, so it can take on any configuration and size, limited only by the area of the object under construction.
In the article, we described in detail what types of floor panels are, what standard sizes they have and where they are used most often, so you can choose the necessary products for the upcoming construction and get a solid, durable structure that can last you at least a century.
Hollow-core reinforced concrete floor slabs are one of the most popular types of reinforced concrete products, designed to separate building levels and lay load-bearing structures. Specifications and norms are controlled by GOST 9561-91, the characteristics allow them to be used in any field of construction: from private houses to industrial facilities. Mandatory nuances of application include the use of lifting equipment for laying and checking the bearing capacity. It is easy to choose the right series, the marking includes all the necessary information.
Externally, multi-hollow panels are a rectangular box with the correct geometry of the walls and ends, with longitudinal reinforcement, round or pear-shaped internal cavities spaced at regular intervals. For their production, heavy, light and dense silicate grades of concrete are used (for bearing systems, their strength class is not lower than B22.5). The voids are located parallel to the main direction along the length (for views based on 2 or 3 sides) or either side of the contour for slabs marked with RCC.
The presence of a frame is mandatory, to extend the service life and enhance reliability, all the metal placed inside is treated with anti-corrosion compounds at the manufacturing stage. In the panels, supported on 2 or 3 sides, a frame of prestressed reinforcement is laid. Depending on the purpose of the floor slabs, steel of one of the following grades is used: seven-wire strands with a section of 6P-7, a periodic profile of 5Vr-II, K-7 ropes, heat-hardened At-V rods and other materials that meet the standard (series 1 141.1 - the main a document regulating the process of release and quality control of products).
The main technical characteristics include:
1. Dimensions and weight of structures. The thickness is standard and unchanged (for most types - 220 mm), the length varies from 2.4 m to 12, the width is within 1-2.6 m. The exception is the types based on 4 sides (PKK marking), their dimensions vary from 3×4.2 to 3×7.2 m, respectively. Average weight 1 l.m. with a width of 1 m is 360 kg.
2. Bearing capacity. Depending on the brand of concrete and the intensity of reinforcement, slabs with voids withstand from 450 to 1200 kg/m2. Standard value for the most popular series with round holes is 800 kg/m2, if it is necessary to exceed it, the products are made to order.
3. The fire resistance limit of multi-hollow panels is 1 hour, if necessary, it is increased by strengthening the reinforcement cage.
Structures are valued for reliability, light weight, good bending tensile strength due to the presence of internal voids, the ability to hide communications, resistance to moisture, open fire, biological influences, heat and sound insulation properties, and durability. An important advantage is considered to be high geometric accuracy, which simplifies the process of installation and subsequent finishing.
| Type | Actual thickness, mm | Length (maximum, inclusive), m | Reduced slab thickness (ratio of concrete volume to area) mm | Hollow diameter, mm | Nominal distance between centers of voids, not less than mm |
| 1PC, 1PCT, 1PCC | 220 | 7.2 (up to 9 for slabs for industrial buildings supported exclusively on 2 sides) | 120 | 159 | 185 |
| 2PCS, 2PCT, 2PCC | 7,2 | 160 | 140 | ||
| 3PCS, 3PCT, 3PCC | 6,3 | 127 | |||
| 4pcs | 260 | 9,0 | 159 * | ||
| 5pcs | 12 | 170 | 180 | 235 | |
| 6pcs | 150 | 203 | 233 | ||
| 7pcs | 160 | 7,2 | 90 | 114 | 139 |
| PG | 260 | 12 | 150 | ||
| PB | 220 | Depends on molding parameters | |||
* there are additional cutouts in the upper zone.
The main width standards are PK-10, PK-12 and PK-15. All types of holes are round, with the exception of PG - slabs with pear-shaped voids. For options with PKK marking, beveled ends are allowed.
All sizes reinforced concrete floors with holes inside are unified (including the spacing along the length), deviations do not exceed 5 mm. The reduced thickness indicated in the table characterizes the efficiency of the product.
Standard decryption includes:
1. The figure characterizing the size of the diameter of the inner hole according to GOST 9561-91. It is omitted for 1PK, in most price lists there is a simple designation - PK.
2. Type. It is indicated by 2 or 3 letters, contains information about the shape of the voids, the method of manufacture and the number of supported sides. Of all varieties, PB is produced by continuous molding.
3. Dimensions of hollow-core floor slabs: first comes the length (of the side not supported by bearing structures), then the width, in dm, rounded up. The thickness is not indicated, this value depends on the type of product. The actual dimensions are always smaller: 20 mm in length, 10 in width.
4. The fourth mandatory item is a number reflecting the bearing capacity of the reinforced concrete product.
5. Type of reinforcement. May be omitted for non-tensioned frameworks.
6. Brand of solution: not indicated for heavy, used in the majority of products. The letter L means the use of lightweight concrete, C - dense silicate.
7. Other, additional characteristics or design features of products. These include resistance to seismic effects or aggressive gases, the presence of embedded elements.
Scope and features of application
The main purpose is the organization of a reliable prefabricated floor in objects with load-bearing walls (also used in construction). In private and low-rise construction, they are used for laying the main floors, separating floors and attic space, arrangement shed roofs in outbuildings, playgrounds and as a fence. Their bearing capacity fully complies with construction requirements (the standard norm, when calculated taking into account the weight of people and furniture, is 150 kg / m2, the actual value exceeds it several times). Soundproof characteristics allow to provide reliable protection from noise even when installing single-layer floors.
Long slabs (up to 9 m for 1 PC, 12 for 4 PCs, 5 PCs, 6 PCs and PG) are intended for installation in public buildings, the rest are considered universal and are recommended for residential buildings, including individual ones. When choosing sizes, the need to comply with the standard for laying on supports is taken into account - from 7 to 15 cm, depending on the material of the walls (minimum - for dense brick, maximum - for aerated concrete). When converted into squares, the cost of 1 m2 for ceilings 1 m wide is more expensive than for products with 1.2 or 1.5 m, this is due to the ban on their transverse cutting. The use of reinforced concrete products of the PK series allows:
Cost of floor slabs
| Series | Bearing capacity, kg/m2 | Dimensions (length×width×thickness), mm |
Weight, kg | Price for 1 piece, rubles |
| PC 16.10-8 | 800 | 1580×990×220 | 520 | 2 930 |
| PC 20.12-8 | 1980×1190×220 | 750 | 4 340 | |
| PC 30.10-8 | 2980×990×220 | 880 | 6 000 | |
| PC 36.10-8 | 3580×990×220 | 1060 | 6 410 | |
| PC 45.15-8 | 4480×1490×220 | 2120 | 12 600 | |
| PC 60.18-8 | 5980×1780×220 | 3250 | 13 340 | |
| PC 90.15-8 | 8980×1490×220 | 4190 | 40 760 | |
| 2PC 21.12-8 | 800 | 2080×1190×220 | 950 | 3 800 |
| 2PC 62.10-8 | 6180×990×220 | 2425 | 8 730 |
Looking at stacks of iron concrete slabs, an ordinary citizen does not suspect how much important information they can provide to a specialist builder. This is not surprising, because in everyday life we rarely encounter such structures.
If we are talking about a new building, then the customer installation work it will be useful to know what types and sizes of floor slabs exist, as well as what is their maximum bearing capacity according to GOST.
At first glance, the differences between hollow core slabs are only in their length, thickness and width. However, the technical characteristics of these structures are much more extensive, so we will consider them in more detail.
All basic requirements for hollow core slabs, including their purpose and strength characteristics, describes GOST 9561-91.
First of all, it indicates the gradation of the plates depending on their thickness, the diameter of the holes and the number of sides with which they rest on the walls.
In addition to different thicknesses and geometric dimensions, hollow core slabs are classified according to the method of reinforcement. GOST specifies that panels that rest on walls on 2 or 3 sides must be made using prestressed reinforcement.
The practical conclusion that follows from this for the developer is that it is impossible to punch holes for engineering communications, violating the integrity of the working fittings. Otherwise, the slab may lose its bearing capacity (crack under load or collapse).
Paragraph 1.2.7 of GOST 9561-91 makes important exceptions, allowing the manufacture of certain types of plates not to put prestressing reinforcement in them.
They belong to the following panels:
If such reinforced concrete floor slabs were brought to your facility, and non-tensioned reinforcement is indicated in their passport, do not rush to send the car back to the factory. These designs comply with building codes.
Floor slabs are made different ways, which affects the quality of their front surface. Plates of PK and PG grades are cast in formwork, and PB panels are made in a continuous way on a conveyor line. The latest technology is more perfect than formwork manufacturing, so the surface of PB boards is more even and smooth than that of PK and PG boards.
In addition, conveyor production allows you to make PB slabs of any length (from 1.8 to 9 meters). This is very convenient for the customer when it comes to the so-called "additional" slabs.
The fact is that when laying out plates on a building plan, several sections are always formed where standard panels do not fit. Builders get out of the situation by filling such "white spots" with monolithic concrete right on the site. The quality is homemade design noticeably inferior to that achieved in the factory (vibration compaction and steaming of concrete).
The advantage of PK and PG boards over PB panels is that it is possible to punch holes in them for communications without fear of destruction of the structure. The reason is that the diameter of their voids is at least 114 mm, which allows you to freely pass the sewer riser (80 or 100 mm in diameter).
For PB plates, the holes are narrower (60 mm). Therefore, here, in order to skip the riser, it is necessary to cut the rib, weakening the structure. Experts say that such a procedure is unacceptable only for high-rise construction. When erecting low-rise housing, punching holes in PB slabs is allowed.
There are many of them and they are all quite significant:
Here, everything is unified to the maximum so that it is possible to manufacture a structure of any mounting size. The gradation of the width and length of the plates comes in increments of 100 to 500 mm.
The developer does not need to know the intricacies of the technology used to manufacture a multi-hollow slab. It is enough to learn how to correctly decipher the marking.
It is performed in accordance with GOST 23009. The slab brand includes three alphanumeric groups separated by hyphens.
The first group contains data on the panel type, its length and width in decimeters (rounded to the nearest whole number).
The second group says:
The third group in the marking contains additional characteristics that reflect the special conditions for the use of structures (resistance to aggressive gases, seismic effects, etc.). In addition, the design features of the plates are sometimes indicated here (the presence of additional embedded parts).
As an example explaining the principle of marking hollow core panels, consider the following design:
Hollow panel type 1PK, length 6280 mm, width 1490 mm, designed for a load of 6 kPa (600 kg / m2) and made of lightweight concrete using prestressing reinforcement class At-V).
Its marking will look like this: 1PK63.15-6AtVL. Here we see only two groups of characters.
If the slab is made of heavy concrete and is intended for use in a seismically hazardous area (seismicity up to 7 points), then the third group of symbols appears in its designation: 1PK 63.15-6АтV-С7.
The considered technical characteristics of floor slabs determine the scope of their application.
All types of multi-hollow panels are calculated based on the normative floor load - 150 kg / m2 (weight of people, equipment and furniture).
The bearing capacity of a standard board is in the range of 600 to 1000 kg/m2. Comparing the standard of 150 kg/m2 with the actual strength of the panels, it is easy to see that their safety margin is very high. Therefore, they can be laid in all types of residential, industrial and public buildings.
|
Plate type |
Reduced plate thickness, meters |
Average density of concrete slab, kg/m3 |
Plate length, meters |
Building characteristics |
| 1PC,1PCT, 1PCC |
up to 7.2 inclusive |
Residential buildings (sound insulation of premises is provided by the installation of floating, hollow, hollow or layered floors, as well as single-layer floors on a screed | ||
| 1pc | ||||
| 2PCS, 2PCT, 2PCC | Residential buildings in which the sound insulation of residential premises is provided by the installation of single-layer floors | |||
| 3PCS, 3PCT, 3PCC | ||||
| 4pcs | Public and industrial buildings | |||
| 5pcs | ||||
| 6pcs | ||||
| PG | ||||
| 7pcs | Residential buildings (low-rise and estate type) |
This table contains the given thickness of the slab - a term not understood by beginners. This is not the geometric thickness of the panel, but a special parameter created to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the panels. It is obtained by dividing the volume of concrete laid in the slab by its surface area.
During construction, dozens of standard sizes of hollow core slabs are used, so a separate article would have to be devoted to a detailed description of their prices. We will indicate the price parameters of the most "running" panels (self-delivery):
The main condition for the high-quality installation of panels is strict observance of the calculated parameters of support on the walls. Insufficient support area leads to the destruction of the wall material, and excessive - to increased heat loss through cold concrete.
Installation of floor slabs must be carried out taking into account the minimum allowable support depth:
The maximum depth of embedding slabs into walls should not exceed 160 mm (brick and light blocks) and 120 mm (concrete and reinforced concrete).
Before installation, each slab must be filled with voids (with lightweight concrete to a depth of at least 12 cm). Laying the panel "dry" is prohibited. For uniform load transfer on the walls, a mortar “bed” with a thickness of no more than 2 cm is spread before laying.
In addition to observing the standard support depths, when installing floor slabs on fragile blocks of their gas or foam concrete, a monolithic reinforced concrete belt should be laid under them. It eliminates the punching of blocks, but requires good external insulation to eliminate cold bridges.
During the installation process, the deviation of the difference in the marks of the front surfaces of adjacent panels should be constantly monitored. You need to do this in the seams. Don't listen to the builders who put the panels in "steps" and tell you that it's impossible to lay them evenly.
Building codes establish the following tolerances depending on the length of the slabs:
The range of laying reinforced concrete slabs is from the formation of a foundation base for timber buildings (quick assembly), or the separation of the basement from the higher building of the house, to the installation of an attic floor at the completion of the upper floor. Also, in addition to the usual interfloor overlap, some types of panels are also used for the construction of walls.
When overlapping floors, slabs are capable of not only accepting and distributing large loads(the weight of the internal partitions, equipment, furniture, people located on them), but also serve as a reliable element of rigidity in the structure of the entire building.
The products are made of heavy concrete and, in addition to increased strength and fire resistance, have high rates of water and frost resistance, as well as sound insulation. The upper and lower smooth surfaces of the product, respectively, serve as the floor and ceiling in the room and require minimal interior decoration.
There are several varieties of this building element. Its choice depends on the properties and characteristics of the slab required in each case, its area of application and economic calculation.
According to the structural structure, reinforced concrete slabs are of 3 types:
In private construction, hollow core slabs are most often used. Longitudinal round voids lighten the weight of the slab, increase its thermal insulation characteristics and make it possible to hide the wires of internal wiring of engineering communications in them.
In view of the popularity and widespread use of ceilings with longitudinal voids, their production is gradually expanding and modernizing, adapting to the emergence of new materials and construction technologies. It must be said that the shape of voids can now be not only round, but also oval and vertical.
There are several brands or varieties of plates with longitudinal voids:
They have been widely used since Soviet times - they are made of heavy concrete, have inside round voids with a diameter of 140 or 159 mm, standard height 220 mm and mounting loops. Which, after laying the floor, serve as an additional embedded part for fastening the plates together with anchors by welding.
As a rule, in private low-rise construction, it is not required to fasten the plates together after laying.
After some time, such a modernization of these structures appeared. Products have a smaller thickness (160 mm) and weight. Wherein reinforced with a special method and thicker reinforcement, it withstands the same loads, like the PC board.
The use of lightweight products is considered more economical compared to PC boards in several ways at once:
Attention!
If the boards purchased have not been factory sealed, it must be done by yourself at the place of production. construction works- pour concrete mortar (grade M200) in the support area.
This product is made only from heavy concrete. 
Reinforced concrete products of the latest generation. Products are made on special stands of various widths using the formless molding method. This allows you to produce products whose length is not tied to GOST standards. That is, the slab is cut at the production stand for spans, in accordance individual project, in steps of only 10 cm. The height of the structure can also vary from 160 to 300 mm, depending on the required length.
The high grade of concrete (M400 - M550) and the laying of prestressed bottom layers of reinforcement provide high structural strength in all dimensions. The only disadvantage of this product can be considered a higher cost compared to PC plates.
It is bench panels that can be mounted vertically - for erecting walls of frame houses.
Attention!
During production, if a short slab is sawn off last at the stand, then due to excessive compression of the prestressed reinforcement, the structure can bend (by deflecting the middle upwards). This defect is easy to notice during visual inspection, in a stack among other products. Although such cases are quite rare, especially among good producers, and up to certain values, such a deflection is not considered a marriage, you should pay attention to this when buying.
Ribbed floor slabs If you opted for hollow core slabs, let's take a closer look at Let's look at the differences between traditional PC boards and PB boards with no formwork molding..
For convenience, the data are given in the table:
| PC and PNO | PB or PPP | |||
| Thickness | ||||
| PC - 220 mm, lightweight - 160 mm |
from 160 to 300 mm | |||
| Length | ||||
| PC - up to 7.2, sometimes up to 9 m, PNO - up to 6.3 meters, with a step determined by each manufacturer individually |
The maximum length is 12 m, structurally depends on the height of the panel. Slabs are cut to length to order, with a step size of 10 cm. | |||
| Width | ||||
| 1.00; 1.20; 1.50 and 1.80 m | More often stands are 1.2 m, less often - 1.00 and 1.50 m | |||
| Basically - typical - 800 kgf / m2, but individual production with a load of 1250 is possible | In addition to the standard load 800, plates with a load of 300 to 1600 kgf/m2 are produced. | |||
| fittings | ||||
| The bottom layer of reinforcement is only prestressed in slabs with a length of 4.2 m or more. In shorter products, simple mesh reinforcement is performed. | Reinforcement is prestressed in products of any length. | |||
| Smoothness | ||||
| Due to the long service life and wear of the equipment, the concrete surface usually does not have the desired smoothness. | The latest stands and extruder smoothing provide a smoother, more attractive surface, but some minor exceptions are acceptable. | |||
| Concrete brand | ||||
| M200 - M400 | M400 - M550 | |||
| Hole ends | ||||
| Mandatory sealing of the ends of the holes | Not required, due to the strength of the concrete grade |
If the construction of private housing construction is carried out according to an approved project, then the dimensions and number of slabs are preliminarily calculated by engineers when developing this order. In general, such calculations are made according to the principle “fitting” the wall layout to the dimensions of the slabs, and not vice versa. But anything can happen in private construction. And if the walls are already planned or even ready and waiting for overlap, then you need to calculate their number and size, taking into account certain rules:
It is better to order products of "sluggish" sizes in advance, since it takes more time to wait for their production than for the production of standard designs.
Attention!
In winter, floor slabs are much cheaper. But the site for their unloading needs to be prepared and leveled in the fall. You will also have to order a tractor for snow removal on the site and, possibly, on access roads. But in the end, there will still be savings.
And yet, if possible, it is better to use plates of standard sizes, since their acquisition is much cheaper and takes less time.
At factories, the size ranges of the latest generation of products are somewhat different, but there are size restrictions generally accepted by standards and specifications:
| Plate type | Length (m) | Width (m) |
| PC, round voids with a diameter of 140 mm | 1,8 / 2,4 / 3,0 / 6,0 | from 1.2 all dimensions are multiples of 0.3 m |
| PC, round voids with a diameter of 159 mm and slabs PB |
2,4 / 3,0 / 3,6 / 4,2 / 4,8 /
5,1 / 6,0 / 6,3 / 6,6 / 7,2 happens 9.0 |
from 1.0 onwards all dimensions are multiples of 0.3 m |
| PNO height 160 mm | from 1.6 to 6.3, sometimes 9.0 | 0,64 / 0,84 / 1,0 / 1,2 / 1,5 |
| teaching staff | from 3 to 12, in steps of 0.1 m | 1,0 / 1,2 / 1,5 |
| solid height 120 mm | 3,0 / 3,6 | 4,8 / 5,4 / 6,0 / 6,6 |
| solid height 160 mm | 2,4 / 3,0 / 3,6 | 2,4 / 3,0 / 3,6 / 4,8 / 5,4 / 6,0 |
| ribbed, height 30 mm | 6,0 | 1,5 |
The weight of the plates is important to know when calculating structures. But this is the concern of the designer, who draws up a project for the house. It is useful for a private developer to know the mass of slabs when they are delivered to the site and installed.
In the first case, it is necessary to choose the carrying capacity of the transport. Most likely, two cars will be needed for delivery.
For the installation of plates, a crane is used, when ordering which you will also be asked about the weight and dimensions of the plates. Each crane has its own lifting capacity. Since the weight range of the plates is in the range from 960-4800 kg, then a 5-tonner is enough in any case.
Depending on the concrete used, the mass of a standard 6x1.5 m hollow core slab varies from 2.8 to 3.0 tons.
Since slabs with a thickness of 160 mm and 220 mm are most common in private construction, we will give their weight per linear meter for a slab width of 1500 mm: 
Here is a bunch of some standard plates: 
According to GOST, all types of plates have their own standards. Their observance is necessary in the design of objects and in installation calculations. There is a marking on each plate - a special encrypted inscription that reflects not only the overall dimensions of the product, but also its main strength and design characteristics. Having dealt with the meanings of one brand of slabs, you can easily read the rest, regardless of whether the dimensions of the slab are standard or custom-made.
The first letters in the specification indicate the type of construction (PK, PNO, PB, PPS). Further, through a hyphen, there is a listing of the values of length and width (in decimeters, rounded to an integer), and again through a hyphen - the maximum allowable weight load on the structure, in centners per m 2, excluding its own weight (only the weight of partitions, interior decoration, furniture equipment, people). At the end, a letter addition is possible, indicating additional reinforcement and the type of concrete (t - heavy, l - light, i - cellular) 
Consider an example and decipher the marking. Slab specification PK-60-15-8AtVt means:
The height of the product is not indicated, because. refers to the standard dimension of this product (220 mm).
Also, the letters in the marking inform:
A representative of one of the factories talks about the size of the products:
This article is introductory and provides a general overview of reinforced concrete floors. Given the impressive weight of the structures, when using them, it is desirable to carry out an engineering calculation of the foundations and bearing walls, taking into account the required margin of safety.
The construction of buildings for any purpose can be greatly facilitated by using standard unified elements. Floor slabs are considered to be one of the main building units. In our article, we will talk about reinforced concrete structures floor slabs.
This is the most common and economical option, which has significant advantages over other materials. The range of concrete slabs is also quite wide, which will allow you to vary the size and find a solution for any architectural task.
There are advantages to using each of the existing building materials. Choosing the right one, it is necessary, first of all, to focus on the type of building and the tasks assigned to it. Wooden coverings they are more flexible, light weight and natural in origin, but also very susceptible to pests and have a shorter service life compared to concrete varieties. In addition, it makes sense to take into account the difference in and concrete.
Classification of products is carried out according to all indicators:
In order to have an idea about all options and , let's consider each of the above parameters separately in a little more detail.
The size of the product must be indicated in capital letters, maximum amount which should not exceed three units.
Learn about hollow core slabs and their technical specifications can be from the article. About possible options for filling openings between floor slabs, what to choose a foam block or gas block and which material is better, you can.
The main designations of the type of construction of reinforced concrete products:
| Item No.: | Symbol: | Product name: |
| 1. | FROM | Piles. |
| 2. | F | Foundations (columnar, tiled). |
| 3. | FL | Foundations are tape. |
| 4. | FD | Foundations for equipment. |
| 5. | FB | foundation blocks. |
| 6. | bf | Foundation beams. |
| 7. | TO | Columns. |
| 8. | EC | Column racks (for pipelines). |
| 9. | R | Crossbars. |
| 10. | B | Beams (general designation). |
| 11. | BC | Beams for cranes. |
| 12. | BO | Strapping beams. |
| 13. | BP | Rafter beams. |
| 14. | BS | Rafter beams. |
| 15. | BE | Beams under overpasses. |
| 16. | BT | Beams of tunnels. |
| 17. | FP | Truss farms. |
| 18. | FS | Truss farms. |
| 19. | P | Floor slabs are monolithic. |
| 20. | PD | Plates of the bottoms of tunnels and channels for communications. |
| 21. | Fri | Floor slabs of tunnels and channels for communications. |
| 22. | OK | Channel trays. |
| 23. | PC | Floor pits with round voids. |
| 24. | PP | Parapet tiles. |
| 25. | ON | Tiles for windows. |
| 26. | OP | Support cushions. |
| 27. | LM | Flights of stairs. |
| 28. | LP | Staircases. |
| 29. | LS | Stair steps. |
| 30. | LB | Stair beams, stringers. |
| 31. | Sat | Wall blocks. |
| 32. | SBC | Wall blocks are socle. |
| 33. | PS | Wall panels. |
| 34. | PG | Partition panels. |
| 35. | ETC | Jumpers. |
| 36. | ST | Walls for supports. |
| 37. | W | Reinforced concrete sleepers for the railway. |
| 38. | T | Reinforced concrete non-pressure socket pipes. |
| 39. | TF | Reinforced concrete non-pressure seam pipes. |
| 40. | TN | Vibrohydropressed reinforced concrete pressure pipes. |
| 41. | BT | Concrete pipes. |
You can choose suitable products according to the main purpose. If the design can have several standard sizes, the letter designation can be supplemented with a number. Therefore, for reinforced concrete floor slabs with round voids, the product marking will begin with “PK”, monolithic structures “P”, the rest of the designations will be deciphered further.
You can learn more about which ones are needed by reading the article.
For products intended for use in more than difficult conditions operation, there is also a special classification according to the type of prestressing reinforcement, which is used in the manufacture of the structure. Concrete mortar is also sometimes marked.
Any house made of blocks has wall partitions, you can learn about those from wall blocks from the article.
The main types of concrete:
Concrete is also classified according to its resistance to aggressive environments. This indicator is usually used to indicate the permeability of the finished concrete layer. It is used in special construction, and for the construction of individual houses, it is sufficient to use concrete with normal permeability.
Main overall dimensions of hollow core slabs:
| № p/n: | Plate brand: | Product length, mm: | Product width, mm: | Weight, t: | Volume, m³: |
| 1. | PC 17-10.8 | 1680 | 990 | 0,49 | 0,36 |
| 2. | PC 17-12.8 | 1680 | 1190 | 0,61 | 0,44 |
| 3. | PC 17-15.8 | 1680 | 1490 | 0,65 | 0,55 |
| 4. | PC 18-10.8 | 1780 | 990 | 0,38 | 0,38 |
| 5. | PC 18-12.8 | 1780 | 1190 | 0,65 | 0,46 |
| 6. | PC 18-15.8 | 1780 | 1490 | 0,86 | 0,58 |
| 7. | PC 19-10.8 | 1880 | 990 | 0,55 | 0,4 |
| 8. | PC 19-12.8 | 1880 | 1190 | 0,69 | 0,49 |
| 9. | PC 19-15.8 | 1880 | 1490 | 0,9 | 0,62 |
| 10. | PC 20-10.8 | 1980 | 990 | 0,61 | 0,44 |
| 11. | PC 20-12.8 | 1980 | 1190 | 0,76 | 0,54 |
| 12. | PC 20-15.8 | 1980 | 1490 | 1,0 | 0,68 |
| 13. | PC 21-10.8 | 2080 | 990 | 0,65 | 0,475 |
| 14. | PC 21-12.8 | 2080 | 1190 | 0,8 | 0,571 |
| 15. | PC 21-15.8 | 2080 | 1490 | 0,97 | 0,71 |
| 16. | PC 22-10.8 | 2180 | 990 | 0,725 | 0,497 |
| 17. | PC 22-12.8 | 2180 | 1190 | 0,85 | 0,6 |
| 18. | PC 22-15.8 | 2180 | 1490 | 1,15 | 0,751 |
| 19. | PC 23-10.8 | 2280 | 990 | 0,785 | 0,52 |
| 20. | PC 23-12.8 | 2280 | 1190 | 0,95 | 0,62 |
| 21. | PC 23-15.8 | 2280 | 1490 | 1,179 | 0,78 |
| 22. | PC 24-10.8 | 2380 | 990 | 0,745 | 0,56 |
| 23. | PC 24-12.8 | 2380 | 1190 | 0,905 | 0,68 |
| 24. | PC 24-15.8 | 2380 | 1490 | 1,25 | 0,78 |
| 25. | PC 26-10.8 | 2580 | 990 | 0,825 | 0,56 |
| 26. | PC 26-12.8 | 2580 | 1190 | 0,975 | 0,68 |
| 27. | PC 26-15.8 | 2580 | 1490 | 1,325 | 0,84 |
| 28. | PC 27-10.8 | 2680 | 990 | 0,83 | 0,58 |
| 29. | PC 27-12.8 | 2680 | 1190 | 1,01 | 0,7 |
| 30. | PC 27-15.8 | 2680 | 1490 | 1,395 | 0,87 |
| 31. | PC 28-10.8 | 2780 | 990 | 0,875 | 0,61 |
| 32. | PC 28-12.8 | 2780 | 1190 | 1,05 | 0,73 |
| 33. | PC 28-15.8 | 2780 | 1490 | 1,425 | 0,91 |
| 34. | PC 30-10.8 | 2980 | 990 | 0,915 | 0,65 |
| 35. | PC 30-12.8 | 2980 | 1190 | 1,11 | 0,78 |
| 36. | PC 30-15.8 | 2980 | 1490 | 1,425 | 0,98 |
| 37. | PC 32-10.8 | 3180 | 990 | 0,975 | 0,69 |
| 38. | PC 32-12.8 | 3180 | 1190 | 1,2 | 0,83 |
| 39. | PC 32-15.8 | 3180 | 1490 | 1,6 | 1,04 |
| 40. | PC 33-10.8 | 3280 | 990 | 1,0 | 0,71 |
| 41. | PC 33-12.8 | 3280 | 1190 | 1,3 | 0,86 |
| 42. | PC 33-15.8 | 3280 | 1490 | 1,625 | 1,08 |
| 43. | PC 34-10.8 | 3380 | 990 | 1,05 | 0,74 |
| 44. | PC 34-12.8 | 3380 | 1190 | 1,24 | 0,88 |
| 45. | PC 34-15.8 | 3380 | 1490 | 1,675 | 1,11 |
| 46. | PC 36-10.8 | 3580 | 990 | 1,075 | 0,78 |
| 47. | PC 36-12.8 | 3580 | 1190 | 1,32 | 0,94 |
| 48. | PC 36-15.8 | 3580 | 1490 | 1,75 | 1,17 |
| 49. | PC 38-10.8 | 3780 | 990 | 1,15 | 0,82 |
| 50. | PC 38-12.8 | 3780 | 1190 | 1,39 | 0,99 |
| 51. | PC 38-15.8 | 3780 | 1490 | 1,75 | 1,24 |
| 52. | PC 39-10.8 | 3880 | 990 | 1,2 | 0,85 |
| 53. | PC 39-12.8 | 3880 | 1190 | 1,43 | 1,02 |
| 54. | PC 39-15.8 | 3880 | 1490 | 1,8 | 1,27 |
| 55. | PC 40-10.8 | 3980 | 990 | 1,2 | 0,87 |
| 56. | PC 40-12.8 | 3980 | 1190 | 1,475 | 1,04 |
| 57. | PC 40-15.8 | 3980 | 1490 | 1,92 | 1,3 |
| 58. | PC 42-10.8 | 4180 | 990 | 1,26 | 0,91 |
| 59. | PC 42-12.8 | 4180 | 1190 | 1,525 | 1,09 |
| 60. | PC 42-15.8 | 4180 | 1490 | 1,97 | 1,37 |
| 61. | PC 43-10.8 | 4280 | 990 | 1,26 | 0,93 |
| 62. | PC 43-12.8 | 4280 | 1190 | 1,57 | 1,12 |
| 63. | PC 43-15.8 | 4280 | 1490 | 2,0 | 1,4 |
| 64. | PC 44-10.8 | 4380 | 990 | 1,29 | 0,95 |
| 65. | PC 44-12.8 | 4380 | 1190 | 1,61 | 1,15 |
| 66. | PC 44-15.8 | 4380 | 1490 | 2,06 | 1,44 |
| 67. | PC 45-10.8 | 4480 | 990 | 1,33 | 0,98 |
| 68. | PC 45-12.8 | 4480 | 1190 | 1,62 | 1,17 |
| 69. | PC 45-15.8 | 4480 | 1490 | 2,11 | 1,47 |
| 70. | PC 48-10.8 | 4780 | 990 | 1,425 | 1,04 |
| 71. | PC 48-12.8 | 4780 | 1190 | 1,725 | 1,25 |
| 72. | PC 48-18.8 | 4780 | 1490 | 2,25 | 1,57 |
| 73. | PC 51-10.8 | 5080 | 990 | 1,475 | 1,11 |
| 74. | PC 51-12.8 | 5080 | 1190 | 1,825 | 1,33 |
| 75. | PC 51-15.8 | 5080 | 1490 | 2,475 | 1,67 |
| 76. | PC 52-10.8 | 5180 | 990 | 1,53 | 1,13 |
| 77. | PC 52-12.8 | 5180 | 1190 | 1,9 | 1,36 |
| 78. | PC 52-15.8 | 5180 | 1490 | 2,42 | 1,7 |
| 79. | PC 53-10.8 | 5280 | 990 | 1,6 | 1,13 |
| 80. | PC 53-12.8 | 5280 | 1190 | 1,91 | 1,38 |
| 81. | PC 53-15.8 | 5280 | 1490 | 2,46 | 1,73 |
| 82. | PC 54-10.8 | 5380 | 990 | 1,6 | 1,17 |
| 83. | PC 54-12.8 | 5380 | 1190 | 1,95 | 1,41 |
| 84. | PC 54-15.8 | 5380 | 1490 | 2,525 | 1,76 |
| 85. | PC 56-10.8 | 5580 | 990 | 1,65 | 1,22 |
| 86. | PC 56-12.8 | 5580 | 1190 | 2,01 | 1,46 |
| 87. | PC 56-15.8 | 5580 | 1490 | 2,6 | 1,85 |
| 88. | PC 57-10.8 | 5680 | 990 | 1,675 | 1,24 |
| 89. | PC 57-12.8 | 5680 | 1190 | 2,05 | 1,49 |
| 90. | PC 57-15.8 | 5680 | 1490 | 2,75 | 1,86 |
| 91. | PC 58-10.8 | 5780 | 990 | 1,71 | 1,24 |
| 92. | PC 58-12.8 | 5780 | 1190 | 2,07 | 1,51 |
| 93. | PC 58-15.8 | 5780 | 1490 | 2,73 | 1,89 |
| 94. | PC 59-10.8 | 5880 | 990 | 1,775 | 1,26 |
| 95. | PC 59-12.8 | 5880 | 1190 | 2,11 | 1,54 |
| 96. | PC 59-15.8 | 5880 | 1490 | 2,825 | 1,93 |
| 97. | PC 60-10.8 | 5980 | 990 | 1,775 | 1,3 |
| 98. | PC 60-12.8 | 5980 | 1190 | 2,15 | 1,57 |
| 99. | PC 60-15.8 | 5980 | 1490 | 2,8 | 1,96 |
| 100. | PC 62-10.8 | 6180 | 990 | 1,83 | 1,35 |
| 101. | PC 62-12.8 | 6180 | 1190 | 2,21 | 1,62 |
| 102. | PC 62-15.8 | 6180 | 1490 | 2,91 | 2,03 |
| 103. | PC 63-10.8 | 6280 | 990 | 1,86 | 1,37 |
| 104. | PC 63-12.8 | 6280 | 1190 | 2,25 | 1,65 |
| 105. | PC 63-15.8 | 6280 | 1490 | 3,0 | 2,09 |
| 106. | PC 64-10.8 | 6380 | 990 | 1,88 | 1,39 |
| 107. | PC 64-12.8 | 6380 | 1190 | 2,26 | 1,67 |
| 108. | PC 64-15.8 | 6380 | 1490 | 3,0 | 2,09 |
| 109. | PC 65-10.8 | 6480 | 990 | 1,9 | 1,41 |
| 110. | PC 65-12.8 | 6480 | 1190 | 2,29 | 1,7 |
| 111. | PC 65-15.8 | 6480 | 1490 | 3,02 | 2,12 |
| 112. | PC 66-10.8 | 6580 | 990 | 1,94 | 1,43 |
| 113. | PC 66-12.8 | 6580 | 1190 | 2,32 | 1,72 |
| 114. | PC 66-15.8 | 6580 | 1490 | 3,1 | 2,16 |
| 115. | PC 67-10.8 | 6680 | 990 | 1,96 | 1,45 |
| 116. | PC 67-12.8 | 6680 | 1190 | 2,44 | 1,75 |
| 117. | PC 67-15.8 | 6680 | 1490 | 3,23 | 2,19 |
| 118. | PC 68-10.8 | 6780 | 990 | 2,01 | 1,48 |
| 119. | PC 68-12.8 | 6780 | 1190 | 2,5 | 1,79 |
| 120. | PC 68-15.8 | 6780 | 1490 | 3,3 | 2,25 |
| 121. | PC 69-12.8 | 6880 | 1190 | 2,54 | 1,78 |
| 122. | PC 69-15.8 | 6880 | 1490 | 3,16 | 2,22 |
| 123. | PC 70-10.8 | 6980 | 990 | 2,06 | 1,52 |
| 124. | PC 70-12.8 | 6980 | 1190 | 2,46 | 1,83 |
| 125. | PC 70-15.8 | 6980 | 1490 | 3,27 | 2,29 |
| 126. | PC 72-10.8 | 7180 | 990 | 2,12 | 1,56 |
| 127. | PC 72-12.8 | 7180 | 1190 | 2,53 | 1,88 |
| 128. | PC 72-15.8 | 7180 | 1490 | 3,36 | 2,35 |
| 129. | PC 73-12.8 | 7280 | 1190 | 2,64 | 1,91 |
| 130. | PC 73-15.8 | 7280 | 1490 | 3,41 | 2,39 |
| 131. | PC 74-12.8 | 7380 | 1190 | 2,67 | 1,93 |
| 132. | PC 74-15.8 | 7380 | 1490 | 3,45 | 2,42 |
| 133. | PC 75-12.8 | 7480 | 1190 | 2,8 | 1,96 |
| 134. | PC 75-15.8 | 7480 | 1490 | 3,49 | 2,45 |
| 135. | PC 76-12.8 | 7580 | 1190 | 2,74 | 1,98 |
| 136. | PC 76-15.8 | 7580 | 1490 | 3,53 | 2,48 |
| 137. | PC 77-12.8 | 7680 | 1190 | 2,78 | 2,01 |
| 138. | PC 77-15.8 | 7680 | 1490 | 3,59 | 2,52 |
| 139. | PC 78-12.8 | 7780 | 1190 | 2,82 | 2,04 |
| 140. | PC 78-15.8 | 7780 | 1490 | 3,83 | 2,55 |
| 141. | PC 79-12.8 | 7880 | 1190 | 2,85 | 2,06 |
| 142. | PC 79-15.8 | 7880 | 1490 | 3,68 | 2,58 |
| 143. | PC 80-12.8 | 7980 | 1190 | 3,063 | 2,09 |
| 144. | PC 80-15.8 | 7980 | 1490 | 3,73 | 2,62 |
| 145. | PC 81-12.8 | 8080 | 1190 | 3,1 | 2,12 |
| 146. | PC 81-15.8 | 8080 | 1490 | 3,78 | 2,65 |
| 147. | PC 82-12.8 | 8180 | 1190 | 2,95 | 2,14 |
| 148. | PC 82-15.8 | 8180 | 1490 | 3,82 | 2,68 |
| 149. | PC 83-12.8 | 8280 | 1190 | 2,99 | 2,17 |
| 150. | PC 83-15.8 | 8280 | 1490 | 3,86 | 2,71 |
| 151. | PC 84-12.8 | 8380 | 1190 | 3,02 | 2,19 |
| 152. | PC 84-15.8 | 8380 | 1490 | 3,92 | 2,75 |
| 153. | PC 85-12.8 | 8480 | 1190 | 3,06 | 2,22 |
| 154. | PC 85-15.8 | 8480 | 1490 | 3,96 | 2,78 |
| 155. | PC 86-12.8 | 8580 | 1190 | 3,3 | 2,25 |
| 156. | PC 86-15.8 | 8580 | 1490 | 4,0 | 2,81 |
| 157. | PC 87-12.8 | 8680 | 1190 | 3,13 | 2,27 |
| 158. | PC 87-15.8 | 8680 | 1490 | 4,06 | 2,85 |
| 159. | PC 88-12.8 | 8780 | 1190 | 3,16 | 2,3 |
| 160. | PC 88-15.8 | 8780 | 1490 | 4,1 | 2,88 |
| 161. | PC 89-12.8 | 8880 | 1190 | 3,17 | 2,32 |
| 162. | PC 89-15.8 | 8880 | 1490 | 4,15 | 2,91 |
| 163. | PC 90-12.8 | 8980 | 1190 | 3,2 | 2,35 |
| 164. | PC 90-15.8 | 8980 | 1490 | 4,2 | 2,94 |
The last designation, the number "8" at the end of the marking, indicates the design load, which is standard for residential buildings 800 kgf / m².
